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PEERAGE |
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Last updated 19/10/2009 |
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| Date |
Rank |
Order |
Name |
Born |
Died |
Age |
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COWPER |
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| 18 Mar 1718 |
E |
1 |
Sir William Cowper,3rd baronet |
24 Jun 1665 |
10 Oct 1723 |
58 |
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Created Baron Cowper 14 Dec 1706, |
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and Viscount
Fordwich and Earl |
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Cowper 18 Mar 1718 |
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MP for Hertford 1695-1700 and |
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Bere Alston 1701-1705. Keeper of the Great |
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Seal 1705. Lord Chancellor 1707-1710 and |
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1714-1718. Lord Lieutenant Hertford 1710- |
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1712 and 1715-1722.
PC 1705 |
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| 10 Oct 1723 |
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2 |
William Clavering-Cowper |
13 Aug 1709 |
18 Sep 1764 |
55 |
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Lord Lieutenant Hertford 1744-1764 |
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| 18 Sep 1764 |
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3 |
George Nassau Clavering-Cowper |
26 Aug 1738 |
22 Dec 1789 |
51 |
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MP for Hertford 1759-1761 |
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| 22 Dec 1789 |
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4 |
George Augustus Clavering-Cowper |
9 Aug 1776 |
12 Feb 1799 |
22 |
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| 12 Feb 1799 |
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5 |
Peter Leopold Louis Francis Nassau |
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Clavering-Cowper |
6 May 1778 |
21 Jul 1837 |
59 |
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| 21 Jul 1837 |
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6 |
George Augustus Frederick Cowper |
26 Jun 1806 |
15 Apr 1856 |
49 |
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MP for Canterbury 1830-1835. Lord |
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Lieutenant Kent 1846-1856 |
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| 15 Apr 1856 |
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7 |
Francis Thomas de Grey Cowper |
11 Jun 1834 |
18 Jul 1905 |
71 |
| to |
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Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 1880-1882. |
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| 18 Jul 1905 |
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Lord Lieutenant Bedford 1861-1905. KG 1865 |
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PC 1871 |
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Peerages extinct on his death |
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COX |
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| 24 Jan 1983 |
B[L] |
1 |
Caroline Anne Cox |
6 Jul 1937 |
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Created Baroness Cox 24 Jan 1983 |
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COZENS-HARDY |
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| 1 Jul 1914 |
B |
1 |
Herbert Hardy Cozens-Hardy |
22 Nov 1838 |
18 Jun 1920 |
81 |
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Created Baron Cozens-Hardy |
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1 Jul 1914 |
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MP for Norfolk North 1885-1899. Lord |
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Justice of Appeal 1901-1907. Master of the |
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Rolls 1907-1918.
PC 1901 |
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| 18 Jun 1920 |
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2 |
William Hepburn Cozens-Hardy |
25 Mar 1868 |
25 May 1924 |
56 |
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MP for Norfolk South 1918-1920 |
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| 25 May 1924 |
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3 |
Edward Herbert Cozens-Hardy |
28 Jun 1873 |
22 Oct 1956 |
83 |
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| 22 Oct 1956 |
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4 |
Herbert Arthur Cozens-Hardy |
8 Jun 1907 |
11 Sep 1975 |
68 |
| to |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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| 11 Sep 1975 |
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CRAIG OF RADLEY |
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| 30 Jul 1991 |
B[L] |
1 |
David Brownrigg Craig |
17 Sep 1929 |
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Created Baron
Craig of Radley |
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30 Jul 1991 |
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Marshal of the RAF. Chief of the Defence |
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Staff 1988-1991 |
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CRAIGAVON |
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| 20 Jan 1927 |
V |
1 |
Sir James Craig,1st baronet |
8 Jan 1871 |
24 Nov 1940 |
69 |
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Created Viscount Craigavon 20 Jan 1927 |
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MP for Down East 1906-1918 and Down Mid |
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1918-1921. Prime Minister of Northern |
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Ireland 1921-1940
PC [I] 1921 PC [NI] 1922 |
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| 24 Nov 1940 |
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2 |
James Craig |
2 Mar 1906 |
18 May 1974 |
68 |
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| 18 May 1974 |
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3 |
Janric Fraser Craig |
9 Jun 1941 |
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CRAIGMYLE |
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| 7 May 1929 |
B |
1 |
Thomas Shaw |
23 May 1850 |
28 Jun 1937 |
87 |
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Created Baron Shaw 22 Feb 1909 for life |
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and Baron Craigmyle 7 May 1929 |
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MP for Hawick 1892-1909. Solicitor |
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General for Scotland 1894-1895. Lord |
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Advocate 1905-1909. PC 1906 |
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| 28 Jun 1937 |
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2 |
Alexander Shaw |
28 Feb 1883 |
29 Sep 1944 |
61 |
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MP for Kilmarnock 1915-1923 |
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| 29 Sep 1944 |
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3 |
Thomas Donald Mackay Shaw |
17 Nov 1923 |
30 Apr 1998 |
74 |
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| 30 Apr 1998 |
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4 |
Thomas Columba Shaw |
19 Oct 1960 |
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CRAIGTON |
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| 3 Nov 1959 |
B[L] |
1 |
John [Jack] Nixon Browne |
3 Sep 1904 |
28 Jul 1993 |
88 |
| to |
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Created Baron Craigton 3 Nov 1959 |
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| 28 Jul 1993 |
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MP for Govan 1950-1955 and Craigton |
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1955-1959. Minister of State for Scotland |
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1959-1964. PC
1961 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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CRAMOND |
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| 23 Feb 1628 |
B[S] |
1 |
Dame Elizabeth Richardson |
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3 Apr 1651 |
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Created Baroness of Cramond |
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23 Feb 1628 |
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| 3 Apr 1651 |
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2 |
Thomas Richardson |
19 Jun 1627 |
16 May 1674 |
46 |
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MP for Norfolk 1660-1674 |
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| 16 May 1674 |
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3 |
Henry Richardson |
Oct 1650 |
5 Jan 1701 |
50 |
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| 5 Jan 1701 |
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4 |
William Richardson |
2 Aug 1654 |
7 Mar 1719 |
64 |
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| 7 Mar 1719 |
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5 |
William Richardson |
Feb 1715 |
29 Jul 1735 |
20 |
| to |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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| 29 Jul 1735 |
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CRANBORNE |
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| 20 Aug 1604 |
V |
1 |
Sir Robert Cecil |
1 Jun 1563 |
24 May 1612 |
48 |
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Created Baron Cecil of Essendon |
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13 Aug 1603,Viscount Cranborne |
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20 Aug 1604 and Earl of Salisbury |
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4 May 1605 |
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See "Salisbury" |
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-------------------------------------------- |
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V |
1 |
Robert Michael James Cecil |
30 Sep 1946 |
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Summoned to Parliament as Viscount |
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Cranborne and Baron Cecil |
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Created Baron Gascoyne-Cecil |
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17 Nov 1999 (qv) |
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See "Salisbury" |
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CRANBROOK |
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| 22 Aug 1892 |
E |
1 |
Gathorne Gathorne-Hardy |
1 Oct 1814 |
30 Oct 1906 |
92 |
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Created
Viscount Cranbrook 4 May |
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1878 and Baron Medway and Earl of |
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Cranbrook 22 Aug 1892 |
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MP for Leominster 1856-1865 and Oxford |
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University 1865-1878. President of the |
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Poor Law Board 1866-1867. Home Secretary |
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1867-1868. Secretary for War 1874-1878 |
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Secretary
of State for India 1878-1880. |
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Lord President of the Council 1885-1886 |
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and 1886-1892. PC
1866 |
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| 30 Oct 1906 |
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2 |
John Stewart Gathorne-Hardy |
22 Mar 1839 |
13 Jul 1911 |
72 |
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MP for Rye 1868-1880,Kent Mid 1884-1885 |
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and Medway 1885-1892 |
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| 13 Jul 1911 |
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3 |
Gathorne Gathorne-Hardy |
18 Dec 1870 |
23 Dec 1915 |
45 |
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| 23 Dec 1915 |
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4 |
John David Gathorne-Hardy |
15 Apr 1900 |
22 Nov 1978 |
78 |
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| 22 Nov 1978 |
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5 |
Gathorne Gathorne-Hardy |
20 Jun 1933 |
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CRANFIELD |
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| 16 Sep 1622 |
B |
1 |
Lionel Cranfield |
13 Mar 1575 |
6 Aug 1645 |
70 |
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Created Baron Cranfield and Earl of |
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Middlesex 16 Sep 1622 |
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See "Middlesex" |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 4 Apr 1675 |
B |
1 |
Charles Sackville |
24 Jan 1638 |
29 Jan 1706 |
68 |
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Created Baron Cranfield and Earl of |
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Middlesex 4 Apr 1675 |
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See "Middlesex" |
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CRANLEY |
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| 20 May 1776 |
B |
1 |
George Onslow |
13 Sep 1731 |
17 May 1814 |
82 |
| 17 Jun 1801 |
V |
1 |
Created Baron Cranley 20 May 1776, |
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and Viscount Cranley and Earl of |
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Onslow 17 Jun 1801 |
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See "Onslow" |
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CRANSTOUN |
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| 17 Nov 1609 |
B [ S ] |
1 |
Sir William Cranstoun |
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23 Jul 1627 |
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Created Lord Cranstoun 17 Nov 1609 |
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| 23 Jul 1627 |
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2 |
John Cranstoun |
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by 1642 |
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| by 1642 |
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3 |
William Cranstoun |
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c 1680 |
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| c 1680 |
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4 |
James Cranstoun |
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c 1700 |
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| c 1700 |
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5 |
William Cranstoun |
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27 Jan 1727 |
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| 27 Jan 1727 |
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6 |
James Cranstoun |
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8 Jul 1773 |
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| 8 Jul 1773 |
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7 |
William Cranstoun |
3 Sep 1749 |
30 Jul 1778 |
28 |
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| 30 Jul 1778 |
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8 |
James Cranstoun |
26 Jun 1755 |
22 Sep 1796 |
41 |
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| 22 Sep 1796 |
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9 |
James Edmund Cranstoun |
1784 |
5 Sep 1818 |
34 |
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| 5 Sep 1818 |
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10 |
James Edward Cranstoun |
12 Aug 1809 |
18 Jun 1869 |
59 |
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| 18 Jun 1869 |
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11 |
Charles Frederick Cranstoun |
1811 |
28 Sep 1869 |
52 |
| to |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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| 28 Sep 1869 |
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CRANWORTH |
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| 20 Dec 1850 |
B |
1 |
Sir Robert Monsey Rolfe |
18 Dec 1790 |
26 Jul 1868 |
77 |
| to |
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Created Baron Cranworth 20 Dec 1850 |
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| 26 Jul 1868 |
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MP for Penryn 1832-1839. Solicitor |
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General 1834
and 1835-1839. Lord |
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Chancellor 1852-1858 and 1865-1866 |
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PC 1850 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 28 Jan 1899 |
B |
1 |
Robert Thornhagh Gurdon |
18 Jun 1829 |
13 Oct 1902 |
73 |
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Created Baron Cranworth 28 Jan 1899 |
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MP for Norfolk South 1880-1885 and |
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Norfolk Mid 1885-1892 and 1895 |
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| 13 Oct 1902 |
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2 |
Bertram Francis Gurdon |
13 Jun 1877 |
4 Jan 1964 |
86 |
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KG 1948 |
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| 4 Jan 1964 |
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3 |
Philip Bertram Gurdon |
24 May 1940 |
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CRATHORNE |
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| 15 Jul 1959 |
B |
1 |
Thomas Lionel Dugdale,1st baronet |
20 Jul 1897 |
26 Mar 1977 |
79 |
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Created Baron Crathorne 15 Jul 1959 |
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MP for Richmond 1929-1959. Minister for |
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Agriculture and Fisheries 1951-1954 |
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PC 1951 |
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| 26 Mar 1977 |
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2 |
Charles James Dugdale |
12 Sep 1939 |
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Lord Lieutenant N Riding Yorkshire 1999- |
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CRAVEN |
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| 16 Mar 1664 |
E |
1 |
Sir William Craven |
Jun 1608 |
9 Apr 1697 |
88 |
| to |
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Created Baron Craven 12 Mar 1627 and |
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| 9 Apr 1697 |
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Baron Craven,Viscount Craven and Earl |
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| 11 Dec 1665 |
B |
1 |
of Craven 16 Mar 1664, and Baron |
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Craven 11 Dec 1665 |
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Lord Lieutenant Middlesex 1670-1689 PC 1681 |
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On his death all peerages except the Barony |
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of 1665 became extinct |
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| 9 Apr 1697 |
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2 |
William Craven |
24 Oct 1668 |
9 Oct 1711 |
42 |
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Lord Lieutenant Berkshire 1702-1711 |
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| 9 Oct 1711 |
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3 |
William Craven |
1700 |
10 Aug 1739 |
39 |
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| 10 Aug 1739 |
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4 |
Fulwar Craven |
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10 Nov 1764 |
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| 10 Nov 1764 |
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5 |
William Craven |
19 Sep 1705 |
17 Mar 1769 |
63 |
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MP for Warwickshire 1746-1764 |
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| 17 Mar 1769 |
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6 |
William Craven |
11 Sep 1738 |
27 Sep 1791 |
53 |
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Lord Lieutenant Berkshire 1786-1791 |
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| 27 Sep 1791 |
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7 |
William Craven |
28 Sep 1770 |
30 Jul 1825 |
54 |
| 18 Jun 1801 |
E |
1 |
Created Viscount Uffington and Earl |
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of Craven 18 Jun 1801 |
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Lord Lieutenant Berkshire 1819-1825 |
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| 30 Jul 1825 |
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2 |
William Craven |
18 Aug 1809 |
25 Aug 1866 |
57 |
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Lord Lieutenant Warwickshire 1853-1856 |
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| 25 Aug 1866 |
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3 |
George Grimston Craven |
16 Mar 1841 |
7 Dec 1883 |
42 |
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Lord Lieutenant Berkshire 1881-1883 |
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| 7 Dec 1883 |
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4 |
William George Robert Craven |
16 Dec 1868 |
10 Jul 1921 |
52 |
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Lord Lieutenant Warwick 1913-1921 |
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| 10 Jul 1921 |
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5 |
William George Bradley Craven |
31 Jul 1897 |
15 Sep 1932 |
35 |
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| 15 Sep 1932 |
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6 |
William Robert Bradley Craven |
8 Sep 1917 |
27 Jan 1965 |
47 |
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| 27 Jan 1965 |
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7 |
Thomas Robert Douglas Craven |
24 Aug 1957 |
22 Oct 1983 |
26 |
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| 22 Oct 1983 |
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8 |
Simon George Craven |
16 Sep 1961 |
30 Aug 1990 |
28 |
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| 30 Aug 1990 |
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9 |
Benjamin Robert Joseph Craven |
13 Jun 1989 |
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CRAVEN OF RYTON |
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| 21 Mar 1643 |
B |
1 |
John Craven |
c 1610 |
1648 |
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Created Baron Craven of Ryton |
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| 1648 |
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21 Mar 1643 |
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MP for Tewkesbury 1640-1641 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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CRAWFORD |
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| 21 Apr 1398 |
E[S] |
1 |
Sir David Lindsay |
c 1360 |
Feb 1407 |
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Created Earl of Crawford 21 Apr 1398 |
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| Feb 1407 |
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2 |
Alexander Lindsay |
c 1387 |
1438 |
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| 1438 |
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3 |
David Lindsay |
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17 Jan 1446 |
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| 17 Jan 1446 |
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4 |
Alexander Lindsay |
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Sep 1453 |
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| Sep 1453 |
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5 |
David Lindsay |
1440 |
25 Dec 1495 |
55 |
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| 25 Dec 1495 |
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6 |
John Lindsay |
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9 Sep 1513 |
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| 9 Sep 1513 |
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7 |
Alexander Lindsay |
c 1443 |
May 1517 |
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| May 1517 |
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8 |
David Lindsay |
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27 Nov 1542 |
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| 27 Nov 1542 |
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9 |
David Lindsay |
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20 Sep 1558 |
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| 20 Sep 1558 |
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10 |
David Lindsay |
1527 |
Oct 1574 |
47 |
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| Oct 1574 |
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11 |
David Lindsay |
1552 |
22 Nov 1607 |
55 |
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| 22 Nov 1607 |
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12 |
David Lindsay |
8 Mar 1576 |
Feb 1620 |
43 |
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| Feb 1620 |
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13 |
Henry Lindsay |
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1623 |
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| 1623 |
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14 |
George Lindsay |
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1633 |
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| 1633 |
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15 |
Alexander Lindsay |
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1639 |
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| 1639 |
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16 |
Ludovic Lindsay |
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Nov 1652 |
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| Nov 1652 |
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17 |
John Lindsay |
c 1598 |
1678 |
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He was created Earl of Lindsay (qv) 1633 |
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| 1678 |
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18 |
William Lindsay |
Apr 1644 |
6 Mar 1698 |
53 |
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| 6 Mar 1698 |
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19 |
John Lindsay |
by 1672 |
Dec 1713 |
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| Dec 1713 |
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20 |
John Lindsay |
4 Oct 1702 |
25 Dec 1749 |
47 |
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| 25 Dec 1749 |
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21 |
George Lindsay-Crawford |
c 1729 |
11 Aug 1781 |
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| 11 Aug 1781 |
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22 |
George Lindsay-Crawford |
31 Jan 1758 |
30 Jan 1808 |
49 |
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Lord Lieutenant Fife 1798-1807 and 1807-08 |
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For further information on the claim made for the |
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peerages, see the note at the foot of this page |
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| 30 Jan 1808 |
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23 |
Alexander Lindsay |
18 Jan 1752 |
27 Mar 1825 |
73 |
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He succeeded to the Earldom of |
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Balcarres (qv) 1768. Governor of
Jamaica |
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1794-1801 |
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| 27 Mar 1825 |
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24 |
James Lindsay |
27 Apr 1783 |
15 Dec 1869 |
86 |
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Created Baron Wigan 5 Jul 1826 |
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MP for Wigan 1820-1825 |
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| 15 Dec 1869 |
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25 |
Alexander William Crawford Lindsay |
16 Oct 1812 |
13 Dec 1880 |
68 |
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For further information on this peer, see the note |
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at the foot of this page. |
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| 13 Dec 1880 |
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26 |
James Ludovic Lindsay |
28 Jul 1847 |
31 Jan 1913 |
65 |
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MP for Wigan 1874-1880.
KT 1891 |
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| 31 Jan 1913 |
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27 |
David Alexander Edward Lindsay |
10 Oct 1871 |
8 Mar 1940 |
68 |
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MP for Lancashire North 1895-1913. |
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President of the Board of Agriculture |
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1916. Lord Privy Seal 1916-1918. Chancellor |
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of the
Duchy of Lancaster 1919-1921. |
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First Commissioner of Works 1921. Minister |
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of Transport 1922.
PC 1916 KT 1921 |
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| 8 Mar 1940 |
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28 |
David Alexander Robert Lindsay |
20 Nov 1900 |
13 Dec 1975 |
75 |
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MP for Lonsdale 1924-1940. KT 1955 |
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| 13 Dec 1975 |
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29 |
Robert Alexander Lindsay |
5 Mar 1927 |
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Created Baron Balniel (qv) 24 Jan 1975 |
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MP for Hertford 1955-1974 and Welwyn Hatfield |
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Feb-Oct 1974. Minister of State for Defence |
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1970-1972. Minister of State for Foreign and |
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Commonwealth Affairs 1972-1974 PC 1972 |
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KT 1996 |
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CRAWLEY |
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| 24 Jul 1998 |
B[L] |
1 |
Christine Mary Crawley |
9 Jan 1950 |
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Created Baroness Crawley 24 Jul 1998 |
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CRAWSHAW |
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| 25 Aug 1892 |
B |
1 |
Sir Thomas Brooks,1st baronet |
15 May 1825 |
5 Feb 1908 |
82 |
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Created Baron Crawshaw 25 Aug 1892 |
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| 5 Feb 1908 |
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2 |
William Brooks |
16 Oct 1853 |
19 Jan 1929 |
75 |
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| 19 Jan 1929 |
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3 |
Gerald Beach Brooks |
1 Apr 1884 |
21 Oct 1946 |
62 |
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| 21 Oct 1946 |
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4 |
William Michael Clifton Brooks |
25 Mar 1933 |
7 Nov 1997 |
64 |
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| 7 Nov 1997 |
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5 |
David Gerald Brooks |
14 Sep 1934 |
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CRAWSHAW OF AINTREE |
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| 17 May 1985 |
B[L] |
1 |
Richard Crawshaw |
25 Sep 1917 |
16 Jul 1986 |
68 |
| to |
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Created Baron Crawshaw of Aintree |
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| 16 Jul 1986 |
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17 May 1985 |
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MP for Toxteth 1964-1983 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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CREMORNE |
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| 19 Jun 1785 |
V[I] |
1 |
Thomas Dawson |
25 Feb 1725 |
1 Mar 1813 |
88 |
| to |
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Created Baron Dartrey 28 May 1770, |
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| 1 Mar 1813 |
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Viscount Cremorne 19 Jun 1785 and |
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| 11 Nov 1797 |
B[I] |
1 |
Baron Cremorne 11 Nov 1797 |
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On his death the Viscountcy became extinct |
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whilst the Barony passed to - |
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| 1 Mar 1813 |
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2 |
Richard Thomas Dawson |
31 Aug 1788 |
21 Mar 1827 |
38 |
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MP for Monaghan 1812-1813 |
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| 21 Mar 1827 |
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3 |
Richard Dawson |
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He was created Earl of Dartrey (qv) in 1866 |
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with which title this peerage then merged |
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CRETING |
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| 27 Jan 1332 |
B |
1 |
John de Creting |
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after 1332 |
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| to |
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Summoned to Parliament as Lord |
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| after 1332 |
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Creting 27 Jan 1332 |
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The peerage presumably became extinct |
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on his death |
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CREW OF STENE |
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| 20 Apr 1661 |
B |
1 |
John Crew |
1598 |
12 Dec 1679 |
81 |
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Created Baron Crew of Stene |
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20 Apr 1661 |
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MP for
Amersham 1623-1625, Brackley |
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1626 and 1640-1648, Banbury 1628-1629, |
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and Northamptonshire 1640 and 1654-1655 |
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| 12 Dec 1679 |
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2 |
Thomas Crew |
1624 |
30 Nov 1697 |
73 |
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MP for Northamptonshire 1656-1658 and |
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Brackley 1659-1679 |
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| 30 Nov 1697 |
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3 |
Nathaniel Crew |
31 Jan 1633 |
18 Sep 1721 |
88 |
| to |
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Bishop of
Oxford 1671-1674. Bishop of |
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| 18 Sep 1721 |
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Durham 1674-1721. Lord Lieutenant Durham |
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1674-1689 and 1712-1714
PC 1686 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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CREWE |
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| 25 Feb 1806 |
B |
1 |
John Crewe |
27 Sep 1742 |
28 Apr 1829 |
86 |
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Created Baron Crewe 25 Feb 1806 |
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MP for Stafford 1765-1768 and Cheshire |
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1768-1806 |
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| 28 Apr 1829 |
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2 |
John Crewe |
1772 |
4 Dec 1835 |
63 |
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| 4 Dec 1835 |
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3 |
Hungerford Crewe |
10 Aug 1812 |
3 Jan 1894 |
81 |
| to |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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| 3 Jan 1894 |
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 3 Jul 1911 |
M |
1 |
Robert Offley Ashburton Crewe-Milnes |
12 Jan 1858 |
20 Jun 1945 |
87 |
| to |
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Created Earl of Crewe 17 Jul 1895, |
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| 20 Jun 1945 |
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and Earl of Madeley and Marquess of |
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Crewe 3 Jul 1911 |
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Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 1892-1895. |
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Lord President of the Council 1905-1908 |
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and 1915-1916. Lord Privy Seal 1908-1911 |
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and 1912-1915. Secretary of State for |
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India 1910-1915. Secretary of State for |
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War 1921. PC
1892 KG 1908. Lord |
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Lieutenant London 1912-1944 |
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Peerages extinct on his death |
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CRICHTON |
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| c 1443 |
B[S] |
1 |
William Crichton |
|
1454 |
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Created Lord Crichton c 1443 |
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Chancellor of Scotland 1439-1443 and |
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1448-1454 |
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| 1454 |
|
2 |
James Crichton |
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c 1455 |
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| c 1455 |
|
3 |
William Crichton |
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by 1493 |
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| to |
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His peerage was forfeited in 1484 |
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| 1484 |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 29 Aug 1642 |
B[S] |
1 |
James Crichton |
c 1620 |
1665 |
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Created Lord Crichton and Viscount |
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of Frendraught 29 Aug 1642 |
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See "Frendraught" |
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CRICHTON OF SANQUHAR |
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| 29 Jan 1488 |
B[S] |
1 |
Sir Robert Crichton |
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c 1495 |
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Created Lord Crichton of Sanquhar |
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29 Jan 1488 |
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2 |
Robert Crichton |
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9 Sep 1513 |
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| 9 Sep 1513 |
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3 |
Robert Crichton |
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c 1520 |
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4 |
Robert Crichton |
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c 1535 |
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5 |
William Crichton |
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11 Jun 1550 |
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| 11 Jun 1550 |
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6 |
Robert Crichton |
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1561 |
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| 1561 |
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7 |
Edward Crichton |
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23 May 1569 |
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| 23 May 1569 |
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8 |
Robert Crichton |
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29 Jun 1612 |
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He was
hanged for murder - for further |
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information, see the note at the foot of this page |
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| 29 Jun 1612 |
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9 |
William Crichton |
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He was created Earl of Dumfries (qv) in |
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1633 into which title this peerage then |
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merged |
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CRICKHOWELL |
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| 15 Oct 1987 |
B[L] |
1 |
Roger Nicholas Edwards |
25 Feb 1934 |
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Created Baron Crickhowell for life |
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15 Oct 1987 |
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MP for Pembroke 1970-1987. Secretary of |
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State for Wales 1979-1987. PC 1979 |
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CRISP |
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| 28 Apr 2006 |
B[L] |
1 |
Edmund Nigel Ramsay Crisp |
14 Jan 1952 |
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Created Baron Crisp for life 28 Apr 2006 |
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CROFT |
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| 28 May 1940 |
B |
1 |
Sir Henry Page Croft,1st baronet |
22 Jun 1881 |
7 Dec 1947 |
66 |
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Created Baron Croft 28 May 1940 |
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MP for Christchurch 1910-1918 and |
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Bournemouth 1918-1940
PC 1945 |
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| 7 Dec 1947 |
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2 |
Michael Henry Glendower Page Croft |
20 Aug 1916 |
11 Jan 1997 |
80 |
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| 11 Jan 1997 |
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3 |
Bernard William Henry Page Croft |
28 Aug 1949 |
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CROFTON |
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| 1 Dec 1797 |
B[I] |
1 |
Anne Crofton |
11 Jan 1751 |
12 Aug 1817 |
66 |
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Created Baroness Crofton 1 Dec 1797 |
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| 12 Aug 1817 |
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2 |
Sir Edward Crofton,4th baronet |
1 Aug 1806 |
27 Dec 1869 |
63 |
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| 27 Dec 1869 |
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3 |
Edward Henry Churchill Crofton |
21 Oct 1834 |
22 Sep 1912 |
77 |
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| 22 Sep 1912 |
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4 |
Arthur Edward Lowther Crofton |
7 Aug 1866 |
15 Jun 1942 |
75 |
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| 15 Jun 1942 |
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5 |
Edward Blaise Crofton |
31 May 1926 |
13 Jun 1974 |
48 |
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| 13 Jun 1974 |
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6 |
Charles Edward Piers Crofton |
27 Apr 1949 |
27 Jun 1989 |
40 |
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| 27 Jun 1989 |
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7 |
Guy Patrick Gilbert Crofton |
17 Jun 1951 |
25 Nov 2007 |
56 |
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| 25 Nov 2007 |
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8 |
Edward Harry Piers Crofton |
23 Jan 1988 |
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CROFTS |
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| 18 May 1658 |
B |
1 |
William Crofts |
c 1611 |
11 Sep 1677 |
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Created Baron Crofts 18 May 1658 |
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| 11 Sep 1677 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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CROHAM |
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| 8 Feb 1978 |
B[L] |
1 |
Douglas Albert Vivian Allen |
15 Dec 1917 |
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Created Baron Croham 8 Feb 1978 |
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CROMARTIE |
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| 1 Jan 1703 |
E[S] |
1 |
Sir George Mackenzie |
1630 |
17 Aug 1714 |
84 |
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Created Lord Macleod and Castlehaven |
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and Viscount of Tarbat 15 Apr 1685, |
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and Lord Macleod and Castlehaven, |
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Viscount of Tarbat and Earl of |
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Cromartie 1 Jan 1703 |
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| 17 Aug 1714 |
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2 |
John Mackenzie |
c 1656 |
20 Feb 1731 |
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| 20 Feb 1731 |
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3 |
George Mackenzie |
c 1703 |
28 Sep 1766 |
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He was convicted of treason and the |
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| 1746 |
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peerage forfeited in 1746 |
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 21 Oct 1861 |
E |
1 |
Anne Sutherland-Leveson-Gower |
21 Apr 1829 |
25 Nov 1888 |
59 |
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Created Baroness Macleod,Baroness |
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Castlehaven,Viscountess Tarbat and |
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Countess of Cromartie 21 Oct 1861 |
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| 25 Nov 1888 |
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2 |
Francis Sutherland-Leveson-Gower |
3 Aug 1852 |
24 Nov 1893 |
41 |
| to |
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On his death the peerage fell into abeyance |
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| 24 Nov 1893 |
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| 25 Feb 1895 |
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3 |
Sibell Lilian Mackenzie Blunt |
14 Aug 1878 |
20 May 1962 |
83 |
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Abeyance terminated in her favour 1895 |
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| 20 May 1962 |
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4 |
Roderick Grant Francis Mackenzie |
24 Oct 1904 |
13 Dec 1989 |
85 |
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| 13 Dec 1989 |
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5 |
John Ruaridh Blunt Grant Mackenzie |
12 Jun 1948 |
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CROMER |
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| 8 Aug 1901 |
E |
1 |
Evelyn Baring |
26 Feb 1841 |
29 Jan 1917 |
75 |
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Created Baron Cromer 29 Jun 1892, |
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Viscount Cromer 25 Jan 1899 and |
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Earl of Cromer 8 Aug 1901 |
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PC 1900 OM 1906 |
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| 29 Jan 1917 |
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2 |
Rowland Thomas Baring |
29 Nov 1877 |
13 May 1953 |
75 |
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PC 1922 |
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| 13 May 1953 |
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3 |
George Rowland Stanley Baring |
28 Jul 1918 |
16 Mar 1991 |
72 |
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Governor of the Bank of England 1961-1966 |
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PC 1966 KG 1977 |
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| 16 Mar 1991 |
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4 |
Evelyn Rowland Esmond Baring |
3 Jun 1946 |
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CROMWELL |
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| 10 Mar 1308 |
B |
1 |
John de Cromwell |
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c 1335 |
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| to |
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Summoned to Parliament as Lord |
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| c 1335 |
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Cromwell 10 Mar 1308 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 28 Dec 1375 |
B |
1 |
Ralph de Cromwell |
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27 Aug 1398 |
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Summoned to Parliament as Lord |
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Cromwell 28 Dec 1375 |
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| 27 Aug 1398 |
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2 |
Ralph de Cromwell |
1368 |
1417 |
49 |
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| 1417 |
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3 |
Ralph de Cromwell |
1403 |
4 Jan 1455 |
52 |
| to |
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On his death the peerage fell into abeyance |
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| 4 Jan 1455 |
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See below for continuation - |
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 25 Jul 1461 |
B |
1 |
Sir Humphrey Bourchier |
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14 Apr 1471 |
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Summoned to Parliament as Lord |
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| 14 Apr 1471 |
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Cromwell 25 Jul 1461 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 9 Jul 1536 |
B |
1 |
Thomas Cromwell |
1485 |
28 Jul 1540 |
55 |
| to |
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Created Baron Cromwell 9 Jul 1536 |
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| 28 Jul 1540 |
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and Earl of Essex 17 Apr 1540 |
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MP for Taunton 1529-1536. Chancellor |
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of the Exchequer 1533. Lord Chancellor |
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1535. Lord Privy Seal 1536 KG 1537 |
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He was attainted and executed when his |
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peerages were forfeited |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 18 Dec 1540 |
B |
1 |
Gregory Cromwell |
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4 Jul 1551 |
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Created Baron Cromwell 18 Dec 1540 |
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| 4 Jul 1551 |
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2 |
Henry Cromwell |
by 1538 |
20 Nov 1592 |
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| 20 Nov 1592 |
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3 |
Edward Cromwell |
1560 |
27 Apr 1607 |
46 |
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| 27 Apr 1607 |
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4 |
Thomas Cromwell |
11 Jun 1594 |
1653 |
59 |
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He was created Earl of Ardglass (qv) in |
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1645 into which title this peerage then |
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merged |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 1490 |
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4 |
Maud Stanhope |
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30 Aug 1497 |
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Held to have become Baroness Cromwell |
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| 30 Aug 1497 |
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(creation of 1375) in 1490. On her death |
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the peerage again fell into abeyance |
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| 16 Jul 1923 |
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5 |
Robert Godfrey Wolseley Bewicke-Copley |
23 May 1893 |
21 Oct 1966 |
73 |
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Abeyance terminated in his favour 1923 |
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Lord Lieutenant Leicestershire 1949-1966 |
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| 21 Oct 1966 |
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6 |
David Godfrey Bewicke-Copley |
29 May 1929 |
18 Aug 1982 |
53 |
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| 18 Aug 1982 |
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7 |
Godfrey John Bewicke-Copley |
4 Mar 1960 |
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CROOK |
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| 3 Jul 1947 |
B |
1 |
Reginald Douglas Crook |
2 Mar 1901 |
10 Mar 1989 |
88 |
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Created Baron Crook 3 Jul 1947 |
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| 10 Mar 1989 |
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2 |
Douglas Edwin Crook |
19 Nov 1926 |
18 Jun 2001 |
74 |
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| 18 Jun 2001 |
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3 |
Robert Douglas Edwin Crook |
19 May 1955 |
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CROOKSHANK |
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| 13 Jan 1956 |
V |
1 |
Harry Frederick Comfort Crookshank |
27 May 1893 |
17 Oct 1961 |
68 |
| to |
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Created Viscount Crookshank |
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| 17 Oct 1961 |
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13 Jan 1956 |
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MP for Gainsborough 1924-1956. Financial |
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Secretary
to the Treasury 1939-1943. |
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Postmaster General 1943-1945. Minister |
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of Health 1951-1952. Lord Privy Seal 1952- |
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1955. PC 1939 CH
1955 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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CROSBIE |
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| 22 Jul 1776 |
V[I] |
1 |
William Crosbie,Baron Brandon |
May 1716 |
11 Apr 1781 |
64 |
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Created Viscount Crosbie 30 Nov 1771 |
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and Earl of Glandore 22 Jul 1776 |
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See "Glandore" |
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CROSS |
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| 19 Aug 1886 |
V |
1 |
Richard Assheton Cross |
30 May 1823 |
8 Jan 1914 |
90 |
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Created Viscount Cross 19 Aug 1886 |
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MP for Preston 1857-1862, Lancashire SW |
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1868-1885 and Newton 1885-1886. Home |
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Secretary 1874-1880 and 1885-1886. |
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Secretary of State for India 1886-1892 |
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Lord Privy Seal 1895-1900. PC 1874 |
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| 8 Jan 1914 |
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2 |
Richard Assheton Cross |
28 Jan 1882 |
14 Mar 1932 |
50 |
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| 14 Mar 1932 |
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3 |
Assheton Henry Cross |
7 May 1920 |
5 Dec 2004 |
84 |
| to |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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| 5 Dec 2004 |
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CROSS OF CHELSEA |
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| 12 Mar 1971 |
B[L] |
1 |
Arthur Geoffrey Neale Cross |
1 Dec 1904 |
4 Aug 1989 |
84 |
| to |
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Created Baron Cross of Chelsea |
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| 4 Aug 1989 |
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12 Mar 1971 |
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Lord Justice of Appeal 1969-1971. Lord |
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of Appeal in Ordinary 1971-1975. PC 1969 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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CROWHURST |
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| 11 Jun 1850 |
V |
1 |
Charles
Christopher Pepys,Baron |
29 Apr 1781 |
29 Apr 1851 |
70 |
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Cottenham |
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Created Viscount Crowhurst and Earl |
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of Cottenham 11 Jun 1850 |
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See "Cottenham" |
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CROWTHER |
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| 28 Jun 1968 |
B[L] |
1 |
Geoffrey Crowther |
13 May 1907 |
5 Feb 1972 |
64 |
| to |
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Created Baron Crowther 28 Jun 1968 |
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| 5 Feb 1972 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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CROWTHER-HUNT |
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| 9 Jul 1973 |
B[L] |
1 |
Norman Crowther Hunt |
13 Mar 1920 |
16 Feb 1987 |
66 |
| to |
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Created Baron Crowther-Hunt 9 Jul 1973 |
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| 16 Feb 1987 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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CUCKNEY |
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| 25 Jul 1995 |
B[L] |
1 |
John Graham Cuckney |
12 Jul 1925 |
30 Oct 2008 |
83 |
| to |
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Created Baron Cuckney 25 Jul 1995 |
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| 30 Oct 2008 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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CUDLIPP |
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| 8 Jan 1975 |
B[L] |
1 |
Hugh Kusman Cudlipp |
28 Aug 1913 |
17 May 1998 |
84 |
| to |
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Created Baron Cudlipp 8 Jan 1975 |
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| 17 May 1998 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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CULLEN |
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| 11 Aug 1642 |
V[I] |
1 |
Charles Cokayne |
4 Jul 1602 |
19 Jun 1661 |
58 |
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Created Baron and Viscount Cullen |
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11 Aug 1642 |
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| 19 Jun 1661 |
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2 |
Brien Cokayne |
12 Sep 1631 |
Jul 1687 |
55 |
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| Jul 1687 |
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3 |
Charles Cokayne |
15 Nov 1658 |
30 Dec 1688 |
30 |
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| 30 Dec 1688 |
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4 |
Charles Cokayne |
4 Jan 1687 |
6 Apr 1716 |
29 |
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| 6 Apr 1716 |
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5 |
Charles Cokayne |
2 Sep 1710 |
7 Jun 1802 |
91 |
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| 7 Jun 1802 |
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6 |
Borlase Cokayne |
30 Sep 1740 |
11 Aug 1810 |
69 |
| to |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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| 11 Aug 1810 |
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CULLEN OF ASHBOURNE |
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| 21 Apr 1920 |
B |
1 |
Brien Ibrican Cokayne |
12 Jul 1864 |
3 Nov 1932 |
68 |
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Created Baron Cullen of Ashbourne 21 Apr 1920 |
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Governor of the Bank of England 1918-1920 |
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| 3 Nov 1932 |
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2 |
Charles Borlase Marsham Cokayne |
6 Oct 1912 |
17 Dec 2000 |
88 |
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| 17 Dec 2000 |
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3 |
Edmund Willoughby Marsham Cokayne |
18 May 1916 |
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CULLEN OF WHITEKIRK |
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| 17 Jun 2003 |
B[L] |
1 |
William Douglas Cullen |
18 Nov 1935 |
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Created Baron Cullen of Whitekirk |
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17 Jun 2003 |
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PC 1997 KT 2007 |
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CULLODEN |
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| 27 Nov 1801 |
B |
1 |
Adolphus Frederick |
24 Feb 1774 |
17 Jul 1850 |
76 |
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Created Baron of Culloden,Earl of |
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Tipperary and Duke of Cambridge |
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27 Nov 1801 |
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See "Cambridge" |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 31 Mar 1928 |
B |
1 |
Henry William Frederick Albert |
31 Mar 1900 |
10 Jun 1974 |
74 |
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Created Baron
Culloden,Earl of |
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Ulster and Duke of Gloucester |
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31 Mar 1928 |
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See "Gloucester" |
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CULMORE |
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| 12 Jul 1725 |
B[I] |
1 |
William Bateman |
c 1695 |
Dec 1744 |
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Created Baron Culmore and Viscount |
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Bateman 12 Jul 1725 |
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See "Bateman" |
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CUMBERLAND |
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| 18 Jun 1525 |
E |
1 |
Henry Clifford,Baron Clifford |
1493 |
22 Sep 1542 |
49 |
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Created Earl of Cumberland 18 Jun 1525 |
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KG 1537 |
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| 22 Sep 1542 |
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2 |
Henry Clifford |
1517 |
8 Jan 1570 |
52 |
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| 8 Jan 1570 |
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3 |
George Clifford |
8 Aug 1558 |
30 Oct 1605 |
47 |
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KG 1592 |
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| 30 Oct 1605 |
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4 |
Francis Clifford |
1559 |
21 Jan 1641 |
81 |
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MP for
Westmorland 1585-1587 and |
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Yorkshire 1604-1605. Lord Lieutenant |
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Cumberland,
Northumberland and |
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Westmorland 1611-1639 |
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| 21 Jan 1641 |
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5 |
Henry Clifford |
28 Feb 1591 |
11 Dec 1643 |
52 |
| to |
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MP for Westmorland 1614 and 1621-1622. |
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| 11 Dec 1643 |
|
|
Lord Lieutenant Westmorland and York |
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1642 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 24 Jan 1644 |
D |
1 |
Prince Rupert,Count Palatine of the Rhine |
27 Dec 1619 |
29 Nov 1682 |
62 |
| to |
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Created Earl of Holderness and Duke |
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| 29 Nov 1682 |
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of Cumberland 24 Jan 1644 |
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Lord Lieutenant Berkshire 1670 and Surrey |
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1675. First Lord of the Admiralty 1673 KG 1642 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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|
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 9 Apr 1689 |
D |
1 |
George,Prince of Denmark |
2 Apr 1653 |
28 Oct 1708 |
55 |
| to |
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|
Created Baron Ockingham,Earl of |
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| 28 Oct 1708 |
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|
Kendal and Duke of Cumberland |
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9 Apr 1689 |
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Husband of Queen Anne. KG 1684 PC 1685 |
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Peerages extinct on his death |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 27 Jul 1726 |
D |
1 |
William Augustus |
15 Apr 1721 |
31 Oct 1765 |
44 |
| to |
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|
Created Baron of Alderney,Viscount |
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| 31 Oct 1765 |
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|
Trematon,Earl of Kennington,Marquess |
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of Berkhampstead and Duke of |
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Cumberland 27 Jul 1726 |
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Second son of George II.
KG 1730 PC 1746 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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|
CUMBERLAND AND STRATHEARN |
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| 22 Oct 1766 |
D |
1 |
Henry Frederick |
27 Oct 1745 |
18 Sep 1790 |
44 |
| to |
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|
Created Earl of Dublin and Duke of |
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| 18 Sep 1790 |
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|
Cumberland and
Strathearn |
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22 Oct 1766 |
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PC 1766 KG 1767 |
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|
For
further information on two women who claimed |
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|
to be Cumberlan'd daughter and grand-daughter, |
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|
|
see the note at the foot of this page. |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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CUMBERLAND AND TEVIOTDALE |
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| 24 Apr 1799 |
D |
1 |
Ernest Augustus |
6 Jun 1771 |
18 Nov 1851 |
80 |
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|
|
Created Earl of Armagh and Duke of |
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|
Cumberland and Teviotdale 24 Apr 1799 |
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Fifth son of George III. KG 1786 KP 1821 |
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King of Hanover 1837-1851 |
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|
For further information on this peer, see the |
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|
note at the foot of this page. |
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| 18 Nov 1851 |
|
2 |
George Frederick Alexander Charles |
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Augustus |
27 May 1819 |
12 Jun 1878 |
59 |
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King of Hanover 1851-1866. KG 1835 |
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| 12 Jun 1878 |
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3 |
Ernest Augustus William Adolphus |
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| to |
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George Frederick |
21 Sep 1845 |
14 Nov 1923 |
78 |
| 28 Mar 1919 |
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KG 1878 |
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Deprived of his peerages 1919 |
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CUMBERLEGE |
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| 18 May 1990 |
B[L] |
1 |
Julia Frances Cumberlege |
27 Jan 1943 |
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|
Created Baroness Cumberlege |
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18 May 1990 |
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CUMRA |
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| 14 Apr 1703 |
B[S] |
1 |
Sir James Stuart |
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4 Jun 1710 |
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Created Lord Mount Stuart,Cumra and |
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Inchmarnock,Viscount of Kingarth and |
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Earl of Bute 14 Apr 1703 |
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See "Bute" |
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CUNLIFFE |
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| 14 Dec 1914 |
B |
1 |
Walter Cunliffe |
4 Dec 1855 |
6 Jan 1920 |
64 |
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|
|
Created Baron Cunliffe 14 Dec 1914 |
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|
Governor of the Bank of England 1913-1918 |
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| 6 Jan 1920 |
|
2 |
Rolf Cunliffe |
13 May 1899 |
24 Nov 1963 |
64 |
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| 24 Nov 1963 |
|
3 |
Roger Cunliffe |
12 Jan 1932 |
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CUNNINGHAM OF FELLING |
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| 27 Jun 2005 |
B[L] |
1 |
John Anderson Cunningham |
4 Aug 1939 |
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|
|
Created Baron Cunningham of Felling |
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27 Jun 2005 |
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MP for Whitehaven 1970-1983 and Copeland |
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|
1983-2005. Minister for Agriculture,Fisheries and |
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|
Food 1997-1998. Minister for the Cabinet Office |
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|
and Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster 1998- |
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1999. PC 1993 |
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|
CUNNINGHAM OF HYNDHOPE |
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| 26 Jan 1946 |
V |
1 |
Sir Andrew Browne Cunningham,1st baronet |
7 Jan 1883 |
12 Jun 1963 |
80 |
| to |
|
|
Created Baron Cunningham of |
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| 12 Jun 1963 |
|
|
Hyndhope 15 Sep 1945 and Viscount |
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|
Cunningham of Hyndhope 26 Jan 1946 |
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Admiral of the Fleet 1943. KT 1945 OM 1946 |
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Peerages extinct on his death |
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|
CURRIE |
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| 25 Jan 1899 |
B |
1 |
Philip Henry Wodehouse Currie |
13 Oct 1834 |
12 May 1906 |
71 |
| to |
|
|
Created Baron Currie 25 Jan 1899 |
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| 12 May 1906 |
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PC 1894 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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|
CURRIE OF MARYLEBONE |
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| 1 Oct 1996 |
B[L] |
1 |
David Anthony Currie |
9 Dec 1946 |
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|
|
Created Baron Currie of Marylebone |
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1 Oct 1996 |
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CURZON OF KEDLESTON |
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| 28 Jun 1921 |
M |
1 |
George Nathaniel Curzon |
11 Jan 1859 |
20 Mar 1925 |
66 |
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Created Baron Curzon of Kedleston |
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| 20 Mar 1925 |
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11 Nov 1898 (the last Irish peerage), |
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Baron Ravensdale,Viscount Scarsdale |
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and Earl
Curzon of Kedleston 2 Nov |
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1911 and Marquess
Curzon of |
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Kedleston 28 Jun 1921 |
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MP for Southport 1886-1889. Governor |
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General of India 1898-1905. Lord Privy |
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Seal 1915-1916. Lord President of the |
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Council 1916-1919 and 1924-1925. Foreign |
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Secretary 1919 -1924.
PC 1895 KG 1916 |
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Peerages extinct on his death |
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CURZON OF PENN |
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| 27 Feb 1802 |
V |
1 |
Assheton Curzon |
2 Feb 1730 |
21 Mar 1820 |
90 |
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Created Baron
Curzon of Penn 13 |
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Aug 1794 and Viscount Curzon of Penn |
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27 Feb 1802 |
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MP for Clitheroe 1754-1780 and 1792-1794 |
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| 21 Mar 1820 |
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2 |
Richard William Penn Curzon-Howe |
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He was created Earl Howe (qv) in 1821 with |
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which title this peerage then merged |
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CUSHENDUN |
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| 7 Nov 1927 |
B |
1 |
Ronald John McNeill |
30 Apr 1861 |
12 Oct 1934 |
73 |
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Created Baron Cushendun 7 Nov 1927 |
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| 12 Oct 1934 |
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MP for St Augustines 1911-1918 and |
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Canterbury 1918-1927. Financial Secretary |
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to the Treasury 1925-1927. Chancellor of |
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the Duchy of Lancaster 1927-1929. PC 1924 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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CUTTS OF GOWRAN |
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| 12 Dec 1690 |
B[I] |
1 |
John Cutts |
c 1661 |
25 Jan 1707 |
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Created Baron Cutts of Gowran |
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| 25 Jan 1707 |
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12 Dec 1690 |
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MP for Cambridgeshire 1693-1702 and |
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Newport IOW 1702-1707. PC [I] 1705 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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Alexander Lindsay, 4th Earl of Crawford ('Old
Beardie') |
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The 4th Earl of Crawford was the most
formidable power in Scotland during the middle years |
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of
the 15th century. He was a regular guest at Glamis Castle, where one night on
one of his |
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visits and after an evening of heavy drinking,
he demanded a game of cards. By this time it |
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was late, and the Sabbath was dawning; as a
result, no one was prepared to play with him. |
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Getting progressively more aggressive, Crawford
determined that the Sabbath would not |
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interrupt his pleasures and swore that he would
even play the Devil himself. No
sooner had |
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he
said this than a tall man dressed entirely in black entered the room and the
Earl, pleased |
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to have a playing partner, took him into
another room where they proceeded to play. |
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There was much swearing and stamping of feet
within the room, and there are some accounts |
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of
the servants' curiosity. One tried to peep into the room through the keyhole,
but was |
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blinded
by a bolt of lightning. The Earl stormed out of the room, raging at the
servant for |
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this breach of his privacy. When he turned back
to re-enter the room, the man in black had |
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gone, taking the Earl's soul with him. Five
years later, the man in black reappeared and |
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the Earl died, reclaimed by the Devil according
to the story. |
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It is said that visitors to Glamis Castle can
hear, behind one of the walls of the Castle crypt, |
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the sounds of rolling dice, swearing and the
stamping of feet, the sounds of the Earl playing |
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until the Day of Judgment. |
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The Crawford Peerage Claim 1809-1839 |
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The following account of the claim is taken
from an anonymously written book titled "Celebrated |
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Claimants Ancient and Modern" published by
Chatto and Windus, London, 1873. |
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'In
1808, George Lindsay Crawfurd, twenty-second Earl of Crawfurd and sixth Earl
of Lindsay, |
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died without issue, and his vast estates
descended to his sister, Lady Mary Crawford. After |
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the
death of the earl various claims were advanced to the peerage, one of them
being |
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preferred by a person of the name of John
Crawfurd, who came from Dungannon, in the north |
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of
Ireland. When this claimant arrived at Ayr, in January 1809, he gave himself
out as a |
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descendant of the Hon. James Lindsay Crawfurd,
a younger son of the family, who had taken |
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refuge in Ireland from the persecutions of
1666-1680. At first he took up his abode at the inn |
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of James Anderson, and from his host and a
weaver named Wood he received a considerable |
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amount of information respecting the family
history. From Ayr he proceeded to visit Kilbirnie |
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Castle, once the residence of the great
knightly family of Crawfurd. The house had been |
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destroyed by fire during the lifetime of Lady
Mary's grandfather, and had not been rebuilt--the |
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family taking up their residence on their
Fifeshire estates. At the time of the fire, however, |
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many family papers and letters had been saved,
and had been stored away in an old cabinet, |
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which was placed in an out-house. To these Mr.
Crawfurd obtained access, and found among |
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them many letters written by James Lindsay
Crawfurd, whose descendant he pretended to be. |
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He
appropriated them and produced them when the fitting time came. At Kilbirnie
he also |
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introduced himself to John Montgomerie of
Ladeside, a man well acquainted with the family |
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story and all the vicissitudes of the
Crawfords; and one who was disposed to believe any |
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plausible tale. The farmer, crediting the
pretender's story, spread it abroad among the villagers, |
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and they in turn fell into ecstacies over the
idea of a poor man like themselves arriving at an |
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earldom,
rebuilding the ancient house of Kilbirnie, and restoring the old glories of
the place. |
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Their
enthusiasm was turned to good account. The claimant was very poor, and stood
in need |
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of money to prosecute his claim, and he made no
secret of his poverty or his necessities, and |
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promised large returns to those who would help
him in his time of need. "Farms," we are told, |
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"were to be given on long leases at
moderate rents; one was to be a factor, another |
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chamberlain, and many were to be converted from
being hewers of wood and drawers of |
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water to what they esteemed the less laborious,
and therefore more honourable, posts of |
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butlers and bakers, and body servants of all
descriptions." These cheering prospects, of course, |
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depended upon the immediate faith which was
displayed, and the amount of assistance which |
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was at once forthcoming. Therefore, each
hopeful believer exerted himself to the utmost, and |
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"poor peasants and farmers, cottagers and
their masters, threw their stakes into the claimant's |
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lucky-bag, from which they were afterwards to
draw 'all prizes and no blanks.'" Men of loftier |
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position, also, were not averse to speculate
upon the chances of this newly-discovered heir. |
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Poor John Montgomerie gave him every penny he
had saved, and every penny he could borrow, |
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and after mortgaging his little property, was
obliged to flee to America from his duns, where, it |
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is said, he died. His son Peter, who succeeded
to Ladeside, also listened to the seductive voice |
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of the claimant, until ruin came upon him, and
he was compelled to compound with his creditors. |
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'In
due time the pretender to the Crawford peerage instituted judicial
proceedings. His |
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advocates
brought forward some very feasible parole evidence; but they mainly rested
their |
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case
upon the documents which had been discovered in the old cabinet at Kilbirnie.
These |
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letters, when they were originally discovered,
had been written on the first and third pages; |
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but
in the interim the second pages had been filled up in an exact imitation of
the old hand with |
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matter
skilfully contrived to support the pretensions of the new-comer. In these
interpolations |
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the dead Crawfurd was made to describe his
position and circumstances in Ireland, his marriage, |
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the births of his children, and his
necessities, in a manner which could leave no doubt as to the |
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rightful claims of the pretender. Unfortunately
for his cause, he refused to pay his accomplices |
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the exorbitant price which they demanded, and
they, without hesitation, made offers to Lady |
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Mary, into the hands of whose agents they
confided the forged and vitiated letters. The result |
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was that a charge of forgery was brought
against the claimant, and he and his chief abettor, |
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James Bradley, were both brought to trial
before the High Court of Justiciary, in February 1812, |
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and were sentenced to fourteen years'
transportation. This result was obtained by the |
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acceptance of the evidence of Fanning, one of
the forgers, as king's evidence. While under |
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sentence the claimant wrote a sketch of his
life ["Sketch of the Life of John Lindsay Crawfurd, |
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Esq., containing a full and impartial account
of his claim to the title and estates of George, |
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Earl
of Crawfurd and Lindsay. With an account of his trial for forgery….Written by
himself" |
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Dairy, 1812] which was printed at Dairy, in
Ayrshire, and was published before the sentence |
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was carried into execution. After some delay
the sham earl was shipped off to Botany Bay, and |
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arrived in New South Wales in 1813. Many
persons in Scotland continued under the belief that |
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he had been harshly treated, and had fallen a
victim to the perjured statements of witnesses |
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who were suborned by Lady Mary Crawford. It was
not disputed that the documents which had |
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been
put in evidence really were forged; but it was suggested that the forgery had
been |
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accomplished without his knowledge, in order to
accomplish his ruin. Public feeling was aroused |
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in his favour, and he was regarded not only as
an innocent and injured man, but as the rightful |
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heir of the great family whose honours and
estates he sought. |
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'During
his servitude in Australia, John Lindsay Crawfurd contrived to ingratiate
himself with |
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MacQuarrie [sic - Macquarie], the governor of
New South Wales, and got part of his punishment |
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remitted,
returning to England in 1820. He immediately recommenced proceedings for the |
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recovery of the Crawfurd honours; and, as his
unexpected return seemed to imply that he had |
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been unjustly transported, his friends took
encouragement from this circumstance, and again |
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came forward with subscriptions and advances.
Many noblemen and gentlemen, believing him |
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to
be injured, contributed liberally to his support and to the cost of the
proceedings which he |
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had begun. At last the case came,--and came
under the best guidance--before the Lords |
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Committee of Privileges, to which it had been
referred by the king. Lord Brougham was counsel |
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in the cause, and he publicly expressed his
opinion that it was extremely well-founded. Many of |
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the claimant's adherents, however, were
deterred from proceeding further in the matter by the |
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unfavourable report of two trustworthy
commissioners who had been appointed to investigate |
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the
affair in Scotland. On the other hand, Mr. Nugent Bell, Mr. William Kaye, and
Sir Frederick |
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Pollock, with a host of eminent legal
authorities, predicted certain success. Thus supported, |
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the pretender assumed the rôle of Earl of
Crawfurd, and actually voted as earl at an election |
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of Scotch peers at Holyrood. Unfortunately for
all parties, the claimant died before a decision |
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could be given either for or against him. His
son, however, inheriting the father's pretensions, |
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and
also apparently his faculty for raising money, contrived to find supporters,
and carried on |
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the case. Maintaining his father's
truthfulness, he declared that his ancestor, the Hon. James |
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Lindsay Crawfurd, had settled in Ireland, and
that he had died there between 1765 and 1770. |
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leaving a family, of which he was the chief
representative. On the other hand, Lord Glasgow, |
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who had succeeded by this time to the estates,
insisted that the scion of the family who was |
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supposed
to have gone to Ireland, and from whom the pretender traced his descent, had
in |
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reality died in London in 1745, and had been
buried in the churchyard of St. Martin's-in-the- |
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Fields. It was finally proved that a record
remained of the death of James Lindsay Crawfurd |
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in
London, as stated, and 120 genuine letters were produced in his handwriting
bearing a |
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later date than that year. The decision of the
House of Lords was--"That from the facts now |
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before us we are satisfied that any further
inquiry is hopeless and unnecessary." This opinion |
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was given in 1839, and since that time no
further steps have been taken to advance the claim. |
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Strange to say, Lord Glasgow allowed the body
of the original claimant to be interred in the |
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family mausoleum; and it has been more than
suggested that if John Lindsay Crawfurd was not |
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the man that he represented himself to be, he
was at least an illegitimate offshoot of the same |
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noble house, and that had he been less
pertinacious in advancing his claims to the earldom, he |
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might have ended his days more happily.' |
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Alexander William Crawford Lindsay, 25th Earl
of Crawford |
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and 8th Earl of Balcarres |
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A man who was infinitely more famous in death
than he ever was in life….. |
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The 25th Earl died in Florence, Italy in
December 1880. His body was embalmed by an Italian |
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chemist, laid in an Italian-wood shell and
sheathed in lead. To make doubly sure, two further |
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wooden coffins were added. With these elaborate
precautions completed, the Earl's body |
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began its long journey home. |
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Traditionally, the Earls of Crawford and
Balcarres were buried at Haigh Hall in Lancashire, but |
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the vault was full. A new mortuary chapel had
just been finished at Dunecht (12 miles west of |
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Aberdeen) and was as yet unoccupied. The new
chapel was solidly constructed of granite, and |
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the only entrance to the burial crypt was down
a flight of eight steps leading from outside the |
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chapel. With the burial ceremony over, workmen
sealed the entrance to the crypt with four |
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massive granite slabs and filled the crevices
between the slabs with cement. |
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One
Sunday morning in May 1881, the new Earl's housekeeper was walking near the
chapel |
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when
she smelled a strange aromatic perfume arising from the crypt. In the next
few days, |
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others
remarked on the odd smell so persistently that the new Earl ordered an
inspection. |
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Workmen
found a gap between the granite slabs which they attributed to a natural
subsidence |
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of
the soil and they further attributed the strange smell to decaying flowers
within the vault. |
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They straightened the slabs, filled the cracks
with cement, covered the whole entrance with |
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soil and planted it with shrubs. |
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In September 1881, Mr Yeats, the Earl's family
solicitor, received a mysterious note at his |
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Aberdeen office. "Dear Sir," the
letter ran, "the remains of the late Earl of Crawford are not |
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beneath the chapel at Dunecht, as you believe.
The scent of flowers ascending from the crypt |
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will, on investigation, prove to be something
else." The letter was signed "Nabob." |
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Yeats contacted the builder who had carried out
the inspection of the vault. The builder |
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reassured Yeats, who as a result dismissed the
letter as a grisly practical joke without |
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bothering to inform the Earl. |
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Early in December 1881, some tradesmen working
at Dunecht House noticed that the soil |
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covering the entrance of the crypt had been
tampered with and told the Earl. He summoned |
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Yeats, who, recalling the earlier note, called
in the police. Inspection left no doubt that the |
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tomb had been violated. Picks and shovels,
stolen from a nearby toolshed, littered the lawn. |
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Three sets of footprints, made by hobnailed
boots and all different, showed in the mud. One |
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of the granite slabs had been moved and was
propped up by a piece of wood, leaving a gap |
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of 18 inches. The raiders had chosen an ideal
time, as the break-in had occurred the night |
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before, when a sudden storm had effectively
covered any noise. |
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With grim foreboding, the police entered the
crypt where they found the wooden coffins, the |
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lead
coffin and the Italian-wood shell strewn about the floor, but there was no
sign of the |
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body of the Earl. The mystery of the strange
smell which saturated the air of the vault was, |
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however, solved; it came from the aromatic wood
of the shell made in Italy. |
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The police poured every available man into
Dunecht and combed the countryside for clues. |
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In the meantime Yeats believed that the
mysterious "Nabob" held the answer. He inserted |
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notices in the agony columns of the British
press asking Nabob to come forward, without |
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result.
He then, on his own initiative, offered a £50 reward to the writer of the
note if he came |
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forward. This time, Nabob's greed got the
better of his discretion. He wrote to Yeats |
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assuring him that the Earl's body was still in
the Dunecht area. He refused, however, to |
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disclose its hiding place until the
'desparadoes' who had carried it off were brought to justice. |
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He
had no wish, he said, to be murdered by them or to be suspected by the police
as an |
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accomplice. |
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A few days later, the Government offered a
reward of £500 and a free pardon to anyone, not |
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being the guilty party, who gave information
leading to the arrest of the grave-robber(s). From |
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all
over Britain letters poured in, giving thousands of hiding places for the
Earl's body. Some |
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writers claimed they had seen visions; others
swore that they had helped carry the body under |
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threats. One letter made out such a good case
against two Aberdeen men, Thomas Kirkwood |
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and
John Philip, that the police arrested and charged them with the crime. Only
watertight |
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alibis
saved them. When all the letters had been sifted, the police concluded that
Nabob was |
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the only person who had real knowledge of the
crime, but he remained discreetly silent. |
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Public interest in the case was waning when,
five months later, an Aberdeen man named George |
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Machray, a gamekeeper, came forward with some
fresh information. As a result, the police |
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arrested a man named Charles Soutar, a
rat-catcher who supplemented his income by poaching, |
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mainly on the Dunecht estate. No sooner had he
been taken into custody than he confessed he |
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was "Nabob." |
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His story was that one night in April 1881 he
was poaching deer near Dunecht when he heard a |
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rustling
of bushes. Thinking the gamekeepers were looking for him, he fled but he
tripped and |
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fell. Before he could rise, two men with
blackened faces pinned him to the ground. As he lay |
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helpless, two more men who spoke 'like English
gentlemen' loomed out of the dark. One of the |
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newcomers put a pistol to his head and seemed
bent on killing him until one of his original |
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assailants told the armed man 'It's all right,
it's only the rat-catcher on a poaching venture.' |
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When dawn broke, Soutar crept back into the
woods, where he saw a carefully camouflaged |
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mound. He dug into it with his fingers and was
horrified to find the embalmed body of a man, |
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wrapped in a blanket. The makeshift grave
reeked of an aromatic perfume. |
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Based on Soutar's story, a party of police went
to Dumbrock Wood where they found the body |
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exactly
where Soutar had said it was. Although Soutar stuck doggedly to his story of
the men |
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in
the woods, the police found it too hard to believe and charged him with
breaking into the |
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crypt. |
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Soutar
was tried in October 1882 before Lord Craighill in the High Court in
Edinburgh. He |
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pleaded
''not guilty.' At his trial, evidence began to pile up inexorably against
Soutar. Witness |
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after witness testified that he had discussed
the disappearance of the Earl's body long before |
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anyone but the body-snatcher could have known
about it. |
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Soutar's counsel put the case for the defence
simply. His story of the black-faced men was true. |
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Why, he asked, would a guilty man draw
attention to the crime by writing the 'Nabob' letter and |
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persistently discussing the subject with
half-a-dozen witnesses? Plainly, Soutar was an innocent |
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man - a man who feared for his life, but was
determined to keep interest in the crime alive until |
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the real criminals were brought to justice. |
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The
Solicitor General for Scotland, Alexander Asher, in his speech for the Crown,
left the |
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defence's argument threadbare. The crime could
only have been committed by someone who |
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knew Dunecht intimately and none knew it better
than the self-confessed poacher, Soutar. |
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Why had Soutar persistently called attention to
the crime? Simple, said Asher; there could be |
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only two reasons for the ghoulish theft -
either to hold the Earl's family to ransom, or in the |
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hope that a reward would be offered. In either
case, so long as the theft of the body went |
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undiscovered, the crime itself was useless.
When the crypt had been re-sealed without |
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suspicion, Soutar was forced to write the Nabob
note, which Yeats had ignored. In desperation, |
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said Asher, Soutar had then been forced to make
a second raid on the tomb and prop up the |
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granite slab so that there could be no doubt
that the vault had been violated. |
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After retiring for a mere 25 minutes, the jury
found Soutar guilty and he was sentenced to five |
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years' penal servitude. |
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It seems to me that there are a number of
unanswered questions in this case - is it likely that |
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Soutar,
who does not seem to have been over-endowed with intelligence, hatched the
whole |
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plot
on his own? If he did, how did he single-handedly manage to pry up the
massive granite |
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slabs?
- he was reported to have been a small, weedy man. In any event, the fact
that three |
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different sets of footprints had been found
after the second raid was never explained. |
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Robert Crichton, 8th Lord Crichton of Sanquhar |
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The 8th Lord Crichton of Sanquhar was hanged
for the murder of John Turner, a fencing- |
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master who had put out Crichton's eye in a
fencing match five years earlier. The following |
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lengthy account is taken from a series entitled
"Historic Tragedies of London Life" by |
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W.W. Hutchings, and which was serialized in the
Adelaide 'Advertiser.' This particular |
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instalment appeared on 3 August 1901:- |
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'Among
the noblemen who followed James VI [of Scotland] to England to share the good
things |
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of which Queen Elizabeth's successor had the
disposal, was Lord Sanquhar, the head of an |
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ancient and honorable family which had held the
rank of baron for some 300 years. According |
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to Sir Edward Coke, who drew up a report of the
strange events now to be related, the baron |
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was "a man of great courage and wit,
endeared with many excellent gifts, as well natural as |
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acquired." This great lawyer was the Chief
Justice of the Common Pleas at the time these things |
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fell out, and no doubt had excellent
opportunities of forming a correct estimate of Sanquhar's |
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character; yet it is not easy to believe that a
man of true courage could ever have been guilty |
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of the conduct to which he allowed himself to
descend. |
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'In
1607, four years after James Stuart came south, Lord Sanquhar was visiting at
Lord Norreys' |
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house
in Oxfordshire, and there met a fencing-master from Whitefriars, John Turner
by name, |
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who had been engaged to entertain the company
with his feats of skill and to cross foils with |
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any who chose to enter the lists against him. |
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'Among
those who challenged him was young Sanquhar, and, most unfortunately, in the
course |
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of the fencing Turner struck his antagonist in
the eye and thrust the ball out of its socket. The |
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eye must have been put back, for Sanquhar
himself afterwards spoke of suffering less pain in it |
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after a while, and said that for at least two
years he hoped for complete recovery. |
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'The
injury, however, was a serious one. For many days the sufferer's life was in
danger, and in |
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the end he completely lost the use of the
damaged organ. According to Wilson, a contemporary |
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historian, Sanquhar brought the punishment upon
himself by affronting the fencing-master and |
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mailiciously
setting himself to degrade him in the eyes of his patrons, so provoking
Turner that |
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he determined to make him smart for his
arrogance and ill-will, without intending, however, to |
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punish him so severely as he actually did. This
version of the affair is unsupported, and is, on |
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the face of it, improbable to the point of
incredibility. Even if Sanquhar was guilty of |
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provocative behaviour, of which there is no
proof, it is not to be believed that the hurt inflicted |
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upon
him was aught but pure accident. If the young nobleman was really seeking to
humiliate |
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Turner in the eyes of his pupils and patrons,
it was only playing into his hands to inflict upon him |
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an
injury for which the only excuse that could be urged was lack of skill in the
fencing-master. |
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Sanquhar himself afterwards protested that on
taking up his foil he explained he was doing so |
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only as a learner, and not as one that would
contend with a master in his own profession, and |
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requested therefore that he should be treated
"as a scholar," which meant that the face should |
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be exempted from attack; and I know of no
reason for doubting this statement. To accept it, |
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however, is only to involve Lord Sanquhar in
the greater condemnation for his subsequent |
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behaviour.
Had he really treated the fencing-master with scorn and contumely, he might
have |
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been excused for believing that the wound in
the eye was inflicted wilfully and in resentment. |
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But after the explanation he gave at the taking
up of the foils, the idea that the injury was |
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intentional ought never to have entered his
mind. This eems to have been the view generally |
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taken
of the affair; and Turner's expression of regret was accepted as sincere by
everyone |
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except the sufferer himself. |
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'Unhappily
Lord Sanquhar appears from the first to have suspected mailicious intent, and
he |
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brooded over the thought until it ripened into
a certainty, and the desire for revenge became a |
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fierce obsession. If Wilson, the contemporary
writer already spoken of, could be believed, the |
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craving
for vengeance was awakened in his soul by a casual remark of Henry the Fourth
of |
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France. While the Scottish noble was at the
French Court the King is said to have asked him |
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how he lost his eye. "It was done with a
sword," was his vague reply, for he was willing to have |
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it thought that the wound was received in more
dignified circumstances than in a bout at the |
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foils with a common fencing-master. |
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'Thereupon
the King enquired, "Does the man live?" which question, says
Wilson, in his uncouth |
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style, "gave an end to the discourse, but
was the beginner of a strange confusion in his working |
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fancy." 'Tis a pretty story, but has, I
fear, no basis in fact. Lord Sanquhar himself, though |
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afterwards he went minutely into his motives
and feelings, breathed not a syllable about this |
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conversation,
and, had it actually taken place, it is incredible that he should have missed
such |
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an opportunity of representing his vengeance as
having been instigated by a monarch, and a |
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monarch so renowned for chivalry as Henri Quatre. |
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'When,
two years after the accident, Lord Sanquhar came back from France, he found
that |
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Turner
was at Greenwich Palace, "playing," to use the expression of those
days, before King |
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James and his father-in-law, the King of
Denmark; and so blind, according to his own account, |
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had hos rage against the man become, that he at
once made up his mind to seek him out and |
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run
him through, though well aware that to commit such an outrage at the Court
would be |
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treated
as a serious aggravation of his crime. He failed, however, to find his
quarry, and, |
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learning that he had gone to London, he
followed him thither, but again missed him; and the |
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first news he could get of him in town was
that, by a strange coincidence, he had gone to |
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Lord
Norreys' place, where the original mischief was done. For the time,
therefore, Lord |
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Sanquhar laid aside his purpose, and took a
journey to Scotland. |
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'The
change of scene, however, did not rid him of his murderous purpose, and on
finding himself |
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again in London, he once more set about
tracking down his prey. |
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'He
now resolved upon a change of tactics. Until this time, if he is to be
believed, he had never |
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had
any intention but to avenge his wrong with his own hand. But now, according
to his own |
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story, he began to despair of a favorable
opportunity, for while he himself was well-known at |
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Whitefriars, where Turner lived, the
fencing-master was not familiar to him, and he had to take |
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with him those who knew Turner better than
himself in order to "make siccar" of his man. He, |
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therefore, "agreed with" two of his
countrymen, who, to use his rather fine phrase, "undertook |
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the acting of this tragedy" - in simple
words he hired a brace of ruffians to commit an act of |
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murder. |
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'My
readers, I think, will not be satisfied that this is the real explanation of
his decision to |
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perpetrate the crime by deputy. It is most
unlikely that he could have had any difficulty in |
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recognising
the man, whom he had stood up to at the foils, and who had been almost |
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comstantly in his mind's eye for years; or if
he had any such difficulty, what could have been |
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easier than to get a public character like
Turner pointed out to him? Is it not a good deal more |
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likely that he feared that if he attacked
Turner, unless he took him so completely by surprise |
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as to incur the contempt due to cowardice and
treachery, he would be worsted, and might |
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even suffer more than the loss of any eye? |
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'However
this may be, of the fact that he did "agree with" the men to
assassinate Turner there |
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can be no doubt; but, to quote another of his
euphemisms, "nothing ensued upon it." How it was |
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that the scheme missed fire we know not; but
the probability is that the fellows decamped with |
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their earned money, not choosing to go any
further with the sorry and perilous business. |
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'Sanquhar
now had occasion to travel on the Continent, and was away for some time, but
on |
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his return, he once more set himself to compass
Turner's destruction, and finally prevailed upon |
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two of his servants, Robert Carlisle and
Gilbert Gray, to do the deed. Gray, however, could not |
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bring himself to such a piece of wickedness.
"Repenting," says Sir Edward Coke, "of a purpose |
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and act so barbarous, vile, and bloody, being
touched with the motion of the Holy Ghost," he |
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resolved to back out of the affair, and,
fearing his patron's wrath, he started for Harwich to take |
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ship for Denmark. Carlisle was a more
determined villian. Telling his master of Gray's defection, he |
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volunterered to carry through the business
himself, and he said he would do it as soon as Turner |
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was back in London, even though he perished in
the attempt. |
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'It
was early in May, 1612 that Gray "fell quite off." On the 11th of that month - five long
years |
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after the mischance at the foils - about 7
o'clock in the evening, Carlisle, and with him a page of |
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Lord
Sanquhar's named Irving, came upon Turner at a tavern in Whitefriars near the
febcing |
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school, sitting just outside the door with a
friend. Either Carlisle or Irving, or both of them, must |
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have had some acquaintance with Turner, for
they saluted him, and he civilly invited them to |
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drink with him. For answer Carlisle turned
round, saw to the priming of a pistol which he had |
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concealed upon him, cocked it, and then
suddenly, wheeling around, discharged it point blank at |
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the
man who had just offered him hospitality.
The ball entered the heart, and with the |
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