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PEERAGE |
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Last updated 03/01/2012 |
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| Date |
Rank |
Order |
Name |
Born |
Died |
Age |
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MANCE |
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| 3 Oct 2005 |
B[L] |
1 |
Jonathan Hugh Mance |
6 Jun 1943 |
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Created Baron Mance for life 3 Oct 2005 |
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Lord Justice of Appeal 1999-2005. Lord of |
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Appeal in Ordinary 2005-2009 Justice of the |
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Supreme Court 2009- PC 1999 |
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MANCHESTER |
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| 5 Feb 1626 |
E |
1 |
Henry Montagu |
c 1563 |
7 Nov 1642 |
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Created Baron Montagu of Kimbolton |
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and Viscount Mandeville 19 Dec 1620 |
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and Earl of Manchester 5 Feb 1626 |
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MP for Higham Ferrers 1591-1593, 1597- |
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1598 and 1601-1603 and London 1604-1611. |
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Chief Justice of the Kings Bench 1616-1621. |
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Lord High Treasurer 1620-1621. Lord |
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President of the Council 1621-1628. Lord |
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Privy Seal 1628-1642. Lord Lieutenant |
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Huntingdon 1636-1642. |
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| 7 Nov 1642 |
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2 |
Edward Montagu |
1602 |
5 May 1671 |
68 |
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MP for Huntingdonshire 1624-1626. Lord |
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Lieutenant Northampton 1643 and |
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Huntingdon 1660-1671.
KG 1661 |
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He was summoned to Parliament by a Writ of |
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Acceleration as Baron Montagu of Kimbolton |
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22 May 1626 |
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| 5 May 1671 |
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3 |
Robert Montagu |
25 Apr 1634 |
16 Mar 1683 |
48 |
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MP for Huntingdon 1660-1671. Lord |
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Lieutenant Huntingdon 1671-1681 |
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| 16 Mar 1683 |
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4 |
Charles Montagu |
c 1662 |
20 Jan 1722 |
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| 28 Apr 1719 |
D |
1 |
Created Duke of Manchester 28 Apr 1719 |
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Secretary of State 1702. Lord Lieutenant |
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Huntingdon 1689-1722.
PC 1698 |
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| 20 Jan 1722 |
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2 |
William Montagu |
Apr 1700 |
21 Oct 1739 |
39 |
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Lord Lieutenant Huntingdon 1722-1739 |
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| 21 Oct 1739 |
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3 |
Robert Montagu |
c 1710 |
10 May 1762 |
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MP for Huntingdonshire 1734-1739. Lord |
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Lieutenant Huntingdon 1739-1762 |
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| 10 May 1762 |
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4 |
George Montagu |
6 Apr 1737 |
2 Sep 1788 |
51 |
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MP for Huntingdonshire 1761-1762. Lord |
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Lieutenant Huntingdon 1762-1788 PC 1782 |
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| 2 Sep 1788 |
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5 |
William Montagu |
21 Oct 1771 |
18 Mar 1843 |
71 |
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Lord Lieutenant Huntingdon 1793-1841 |
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Governor of Jamaica 1808-1827. Postmaster |
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General 1827-1830 |
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| 18 Mar 1843 |
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6 |
George Montagu |
9 Jul 1799 |
18 Aug 1855 |
56 |
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MP for Huntingdonshire 1826-1837 |
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| 18 Aug 1855 |
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7 |
William Drogo Montagu |
15 Oct 1823 |
22 Mar 1890 |
66 |
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MP for Bewdley 1847-1852 and Huntingdonshire |
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1852-1855. KP 1877 |
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| 22 Mar 1890 |
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8 |
George Victor Drogo Montagu |
17 Jun 1853 |
18 Aug 1892 |
39 |
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MP for Huntingdonshire 1877-1880 |
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| 18 Aug 1892 |
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9 |
William Angus Drogo Montagu |
3 Mar 1877 |
9 Feb 1947 |
69 |
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PC 1906 |
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| 9 Feb 1947 |
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10 |
Alexander George Francis Drogo Montagu |
2 Oct 1902 |
23 Nov 1977 |
75 |
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| 23 Nov 1977 |
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11 |
Sidney Arthur Robin George Drogo Montagu |
5 Feb 1929 |
3 Jun 1985 |
56 |
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| 3 Jun 1985 |
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12 |
Angus Charles Drogo Montagu |
9 Oct 1938 |
25 Jul 2002 |
63 |
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| 25 Jul 2002 |
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13 |
Alexander Charles David Drogo Montagu |
11 Dec 1962 |
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MANCROFT |
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| 23 Feb 1937 |
B |
1 |
Sir Arthur Michael Samuel Mancroft,1st baronet |
6 Dec 1872 |
17 Aug 1942 |
69 |
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Created Baron Mancroft 23 Feb 1937 |
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MP for Farnham 1918-1937. Financial |
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Secretary to the Treasury 1927-1929 |
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| 17 Aug 1942 |
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2 |
Stormont Mancroft Samuel Mancroft |
27 Jul 1914 |
14 Sep 1987 |
73 |
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Minister without Portfolio 1957-1958 |
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| 14 Sep 1987 |
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3 |
Benjamin Lloyd Stormont Mancroft |
16 May 1957 |
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MANDELSON |
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| 13 Oct 2008 |
B[L] |
1 |
Peter Benjamin Mandelson |
21 Oct 1953 |
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Created Baron Mandelson for life 13 Oct 2008 |
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MP for Hartlepool 1992-2004. Minister without |
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Portfolio 1997-1998. Secretary of State for Trade |
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and Industry 1998. Secretary of State for |
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for Northern Ireland 1999-2001. Secretary of |
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State for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory |
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Reform 2008-2009. Secretary of State for |
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Business, Innovation and Skills 2009- |
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First Secretary of State and Lord President of the |
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Council 2009-
PC 1998 |
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MANDEVILLE |
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| 19 Dec 1620 |
V |
1 |
Henry Montagu |
c 1563 |
7 Nov 1642 |
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Created Baron Montagu of Kimbolton |
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and Viscount Mandeville 19 Dec 1620 |
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and Earl of Manchester 5 Feb 1626 |
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See "Manchester" |
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MANNERS |
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| 26 Oct 1309 |
B |
1 |
Baldwin de Manners |
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9 Jul 1320 |
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| to |
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Summoned to Parliament as Lord |
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| 9 Jul 1320 |
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Manners 26 Oct 1309 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 20 Apr 1807 |
B |
1 |
Thomas Manners-Sutton |
24 Feb 1756 |
31 May 1842 |
86 |
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Created Baron Manners 20 Apr 1807 |
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MP for Newark 1796-1805. Solicitor |
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General 1802-1805. Lord Chancellor of |
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Ireland 1807-1827.
PC 1807 PC [I] 1807 |
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| 31 May 1842 |
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2 |
John Thomas Manners-Sutton |
17 Aug 1818 |
14 Nov 1864 |
46 |
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| 14 Nov 1864 |
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3 |
John Thomas Manners-Sutton |
15 May 1852 |
19 Aug 1927 |
75 |
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| 19 Aug 1927 |
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4 |
Francis Henry Manners |
21 Jul 1897 |
25 Nov 1972 |
75 |
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| 25 Nov 1972 |
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5 |
John Robert Cecil Manners |
13 Feb 1923 |
28 May 2008 |
85 |
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| 28 May 2008 |
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6 |
John Hugh Robert Manners |
5 May 1956 |
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MANNERS DE HADDON |
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| 30 Apr 1679 |
B |
1 |
John Manners |
29 May 1638 |
10 Jan 1711 |
72 |
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Summoned to Parliament as Lord |
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Manners de Haddon 30 Apr 1679. |
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Created Marquess of Granby and |
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Duke of Rutland 29 Mar 1703 |
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See "Rutland" |
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************* |
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| 6 Jun 1896 |
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Henry John Brinsley Manners |
16 Apr 1852 |
8 May 1925 |
73 |
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He was summoned to Parliament by a Writ of |
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Acceleration as Baron Manners of Haddon |
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6 Jun 1896 |
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He succeeded as Duke of Rutland (qv) in 1906 |
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MANNINGHAM-BULLER |
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| 2 Jun 2008 |
B[L] |
1 |
Elizabeth Lydia Manningham-Buller |
14 Jul 1948 |
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Created Baroness Manningham-Buller |
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for life 2 Jun 2008 |
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MANNY |
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| 12 Nov 1347 |
B |
1 |
Walter Manny |
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13 Jan 1372 |
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Summoned to Parliament as Lord |
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Manny 12 Nov 1347 |
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KG 1359 |
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| 13 Jan 1372 |
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2 |
Anne Hastings |
1356 |
2 Apr 1384 |
27 |
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| 2 Apr 1384 |
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3 |
John Hastings,Earl of Pembroke |
1372 |
30 Dec 1389 |
17 |
| to |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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| 30 Dec 1389 |
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MANSELL |
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| 1 Jan 1712 |
B |
1 |
Sir Thomas Mansell,5th baronet |
9 Nov 1667 |
10 Dec 1723 |
56 |
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Created Baron Mansell 1 Jan 1712 |
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MP for Cardiff 1689-1698 and |
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Glamorganshire 1701-1712. PC 1704 |
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| 10 Dec 1723 |
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2 |
Thomas Mansell |
26 Dec 1719 |
29 Jan 1744 |
24 |
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| 29 Jan 1744 |
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3 |
Christopher Mansell |
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26 Nov 1744 |
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| 26 Nov 1744 |
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4 |
Bussy Mansell |
c 1701 |
29 Nov 1750 |
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MP for Cardiff 1722-1734 and Glamorgan |
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| 29 Nov 1750 |
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1737-1744 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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MANSFIELD |
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| 3 Nov 1620 |
V |
1 |
William Cavendish |
16 Dec 1593 |
25 Dec 1676 |
83 |
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Created Viscount Mansfield 3 Nov 1620 |
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Baron Cavendish and Earl of Newcastle |
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upon Tyne 7 Mar 1628,Marquess of |
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Newcastle on Tyne 27 Oct 1643 and |
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Duke of Newcastle 16 Mar 1665 |
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See "Newcastle upon Tyne" |
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 31 Oct 1776 |
E |
1 |
William Murray |
2 Mar 1705 |
20 Mar 1793 |
88 |
| 1 Aug 1792 |
E |
1 |
Created Baron Mansfield 8 Nov 1756, |
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Earl of Mansfield 31 Oct 1776 and |
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Earl of Mansfield 1 Aug 1792 |
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MP for Boroughbridge 1742-1756. Solicitor |
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General 1742-1754. Attorney General 1754- |
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1756. Lord Chief Justice 1756-1788. PC 1756 |
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On his death the Barony became extinct, |
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whilst the Earldom of 1776 passed to his |
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nephew's wife (as under) and the Earldom of |
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1792 passed to his nephew (see below) |
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| 20 Mar 1793 |
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2 |
Louisa Murray (creation of 1776) |
1 Jul 1758 |
11 Jul 1843 |
85 |
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| 20 Mar 1793 |
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2 |
David Murray (creation of 1792) |
9 Oct 1727 |
1 Sep 1796 |
68 |
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Lord Justice General of Scotland 1778- |
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1794. Secretary of State 1779-1782. Lord |
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President of the Council 1782 and 1794- |
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1796. PC 1763 KT 1768 |
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| 1 Sep 1796 |
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3 |
David William Murray (creation
of 1792) |
7 Mar 1777 |
18 Feb 1840 |
62 |
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Lord Lieutenant Clackmannan 1803-1840 |
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KT 1835 |
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| 18 Feb 1840 |
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4 |
William David Murray |
21 Feb 1806 |
2 Aug 1898 |
92 |
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3 |
MP for Aldeburgh 1830-1831, Woodstock |
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1831-1832, Norwich 1832-1837 and |
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Perthshire 1837-1840. Lord Lieutenant |
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Clackmannan 1852-1898.
KT 1843 |
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He succeeded to the Earldom of 1776 in 1843 |
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| 2 Aug 1898 |
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5 |
William David Murray |
20 Jul 1860 |
29 Apr 1906 |
45 |
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4 |
PC 1905 |
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| 29 Apr 1906 |
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6 |
Alan David Murray |
25 Oct 1864 |
14 Mar 1935 |
70 |
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5 |
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| 14 Mar 1935 |
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7 |
Mungo David Malcolm Murray |
9 Aug 1900 |
2 Sep 1971 |
71 |
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6 |
MP for Perth 1931-1935. Lord Lieutenant |
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Perth 1960-1971 |
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| 2 Sep 1971 |
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8 |
William David Mungo James Murray |
7 Jul 1930 |
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7 |
Minister of State, Scottish Office 1979-1983 and |
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Minister of State, Northern Ireland 1983-1984 |
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MANTON |
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| 25 Jan 1922 |
B |
1 |
Joseph Watson |
10 Feb 1873 |
13 Mar 1922 |
49 |
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Created Baron Manton 25 Jan 1922 |
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| 13 Mar 1922 |
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2 |
George Miles Watson |
21 Jun 1899 |
10 Jun 1968 |
68 |
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| 10 Jun 1968 |
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3 |
Joseph Rupert Eric Robert Watson |
22 Jan 1924 |
8 Aug 2003 |
79 |
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| 8 Aug 2003 |
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4 |
Miles Ronald Marcus Watson |
7 May 1958 |
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MANVERS |
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| 9 Apr 1806 |
E |
1 |
Charles Pierrepont |
14 Nov 1737 |
17 Jun 1816 |
78 |
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Created Baron Pierrepont and |
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Viscount Newark 23 Jul 1796,and Earl |
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Manvers 9 Apr 1806 |
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MP for Nottinghamshire 1778-1796 |
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| 17 Jun 1816 |
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2 |
Charles Herbert Pierrepont |
11 Aug 1778 |
27 Oct 1860 |
82 |
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MP for Nottinghamshire 1801-1816 |
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| 27 Oct 1860 |
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3 |
Sydney William Herbert Pierrepont |
12 Mar 1825 |
16 Jan 1900 |
74 |
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MP for Nottinghamshire South 1852-1860 |
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| 16 Jan 1900 |
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4 |
Charles William Sydney Pierrepont |
2 Aug 1854 |
17 Jul 1926 |
71 |
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MP for Newark 1885-1895 and 1898-1900 |
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| 17 Jul 1926 |
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5 |
Evelyn Robert Pierrepont |
25 Jul 1888 |
6 Apr 1940 |
51 |
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| 6 Apr 1940 |
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6 |
Gervas Evelyn Pierrepont |
15 Apr 1881 |
13 Feb 1955 |
73 |
| to |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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| 13 Feb 1955 |
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MAPLES |
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| 24 Jun 2010 |
B[L] |
1 |
John Cradock Maples |
22 Apr 1943 |
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Created Baron Maples for life 24 Jun 2010 |
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MP for Lewisham West 1983-1992 and Stratford |
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on Avon 1997-2010. |
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MAR |
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| c 1115 |
E[S] |
1 |
Rothri |
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c 1141 |
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Witness to the Charter of Scone as |
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Earl of Mar c 1115 |
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| c 1141 |
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2 |
Morgund |
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c 1182 |
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| c 1182 |
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3 |
Gilchrist |
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c 1228 |
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| c 1228 |
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4 |
Duncan |
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c 1243 |
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| c 1243 |
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5 |
William |
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c 1281 |
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| c 1281 |
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6 |
Donald |
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c 1297 |
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| c 1297 |
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7 |
Gratney |
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c 1305 |
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| c 1305 |
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8 |
Donald |
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12 Aug 1332 |
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| 12 Aug 1332 |
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9 |
Thomas |
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c 1374 |
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| c 1374 |
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10 |
Margaret Douglas |
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c 1390 |
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| c 1390 |
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11 |
Isabel |
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She married Alexander Stewart (see below) |
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 28 May 1426 |
E[S] |
1 |
Alexander Stewart |
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1 Aug 1435 |
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Created Earl of Mar 28 May 1426 |
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Illegitimate son of Robert II of Scotland |
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On his death the peerage reverted to the |
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Crown |
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 1 Aug 1435 |
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12 |
Robert Erskine |
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c 1453 |
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On his death the peerage was wrongly |
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assumed to have become extinct and a number |
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of new creations were made,as under - |
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| c 1459 |
E[S] |
1 |
John Stewart |
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1479 |
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Created Earl of Mar and Garioch |
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| 1479 |
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c 1459 |
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3rd son of James II of Scotland |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| c Jan 1483 |
E[S] |
1 |
Alexander Stewart,Duke of Albany |
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c 1485 |
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Created Earl of Mar and Garioch c |
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| 1483 |
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Jan 1483 |
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The peerage was forfeited a few months |
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later |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 2 Mar 1486 |
E[S] |
1 |
John Stewart |
c 1480 |
11 Mar 1503 |
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Created Earl of Mar and Garioch |
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| 11 Mar 1503 |
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2 Mar 1486 |
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3rd son of James III of Scotland |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| c 1453 |
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13 |
Thomas Erskine |
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c 1493 |
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| c 1493 |
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14 |
Alexander Erskine |
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c 1509 |
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| c 1509 |
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15 |
Robert Erskine |
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9 Sep 1513 |
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| 9 Sep 1513 |
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16 |
John Erskine |
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1552 |
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| 1552 |
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17 |
John Erskine |
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29 Oct 1572 |
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| 24 Jun 1565 |
E[S] |
1 |
Created Earl of Mar 24 Jun 1565 |
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For further information on this peerage see |
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the note at the foot of this page |
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| 29 Oct 1572 |
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18 |
John Erskine |
1562 |
14 Dec 1634 |
72 |
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2 |
KG 1603. High Treasurer of Scotland |
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1615-1630 |
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Created Lord Cardross 19 Jul 1606 |
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| 14 Dec 1634 |
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19 |
John Erskine |
c 1585 |
1654 |
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3 |
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| 1654 |
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20 |
John Erskine |
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Sep 1668 |
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4 |
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| Sep 1668 |
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21 |
Charles Erskine |
19 Oct 1650 |
22 Apr 1689 |
38 |
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5 |
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| 22 Apr 1689 |
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22 |
John Erskine |
Feb 1675 |
May 1732 |
57 |
| to |
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6 |
KT 1706. Secretary of State for Scotland |
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| 17 Feb 1716 |
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1706-1707. PC 1708 |
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He was attainted and the peerages forfeited |
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| 17 Jun 1824 |
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23 |
John Francis Erskine |
1741 |
20 Aug 1825 |
84 |
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7 |
Restored to the peerages |
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| 20 Aug 1825 |
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24 |
John Thomas Erskine |
18 Jun 1772 |
20 Sep 1828 |
56 |
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8 |
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| 20 Sep 1828 |
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25 |
John Francis Miller Erskine |
28 Dec 1795 |
19 Jun 1866 |
70 |
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9 |
For further information on this peer, see the |
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note at the foot of this page |
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He succeeded to the Earldom of Kellie (qv) |
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in 1829. On his death the creation of 1565 |
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passed to his cousin (see below) whilst the |
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original earldom passed to - |
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| 19 Jun 1866 |
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26 |
John Francis Erskine Goodeve-Erskine |
29 Mar 1836 |
17 Jun 1930 |
94 |
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| 17 Jun 1930 |
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27 |
John Francis Hamilton Sinclair Cunliffe |
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Brooks Forbes Goodeve-Erskine |
27 Feb 1868 |
29 Sep 1932 |
64 |
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| 29 Sep 1932 |
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28 |
Lionel Walter Young Erskine |
13 Jun 1891 |
27 Nov 1965 |
74 |
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| 27 Nov 1965 |
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29 |
James Clifton |
22 Nov 1914 |
21 Apr 1975 |
60 |
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| 21 Apr 1975 |
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30 |
Margaret of Mar |
19 Sep 1940 |
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MAR |
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| 24 Jun 1565 |
E[S] |
1 |
John Erskine |
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29 Oct 1572 |
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Created Earl of Mar 24 Jun 1565 |
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| 29 Oct 1572 |
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2 |
John Erskine |
1562 |
14 Dec 1634 |
72 |
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KG 1603. High Treasurer of Scotland |
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1615-1630 |
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| 14 Dec 1634 |
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3 |
John Erskine |
c 1585 |
1654 |
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| 1654 |
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4 |
John Erskine |
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Sep 1668 |
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| Sep 1668 |
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5 |
Charles Erskine |
19 Oct 1650 |
22 Apr 1689 |
38 |
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| 22 Apr 1689 |
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6 |
John Erskine |
Feb 1675 |
May 1732 |
57 |
| to |
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KT 1706. Secretary of State for Scotland |
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| 17 Feb 1716 |
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1706-1707. PC 1708 |
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He was attainted and the peerages forfeited |
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| 17 Jun 1824 |
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7 |
John Francis Erskine |
1741 |
20 Aug 1825 |
84 |
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Restored to the peerages |
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| 20 Aug 1825 |
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8 |
John Thomas Erskine |
18 Jun 1772 |
20 Sep 1828 |
56 |
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| 20 Sep 1828 |
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9 |
John Francis Miller Erskine |
28 Dec 1795 |
19 Jun 1866 |
70 |
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| 19 Jun 1866 |
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10 |
Walter Coningsby Erskine |
12 Jul 1810 |
17 Jan 1872 |
61 |
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| 17 Jan 1872 |
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11 |
Walter Henry Erskine |
17 Dec 1839 |
16 Sep 1888 |
48 |
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| 16 Sep 1888 |
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12 |
Walter John Francis Erskine |
29 Aug 1865 |
3 Jun 1955 |
89 |
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Lord Lieutenant Clackmannan 1898-1955 |
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KT 1911 |
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| 3 Jun 1955 |
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13 |
John Francis Hervey Erskine |
15 Feb 1921 |
22 Dec 1993 |
72 |
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Lord Lieutenant Clackmannan 1966-1993 |
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| 22 Dec 1993 |
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14 |
James Thorne Erskine |
10 Mar 1949 |
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Created Baron Erskine of Alloa Tower |
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for life 19 Apr 2000 |
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MARCH (England) |
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| 9 Nov 1328 |
E |
1 |
Robert Mortimer,Lord Mortimer |
29 Apr 1286 |
29 Nov 1330 |
44 |
| to |
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Created Earl of March 9 Nov 1328 |
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| 29 Nov 1330 |
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Chief Governor of Ireland 1316-1319 |
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He was attainted and the peerages forfeited |
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| 1354 |
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2 |
Roger Mortimer |
11 Nov 1328 |
26 Feb 1360 |
31 |
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Obtained a reversal of the attainder |
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KG 1348 |
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| 26 Nov 1360 |
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3 |
Edmund Mortimer |
1 Feb 1351 |
27 Dec 1381 |
30 |
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Chief Governor of Ireland 1379-1381 |
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| 27 Dec 1381 |
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4 |
Roger Mortimer |
11 Apr 1374 |
20 Jul 1398 |
24 |
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Chief Governor of Ireland 1395-1398 |
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| 20 Jul 1398 |
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5 |
Edmond Mortimer |
6 Nov 1391 |
19 Jan 1425 |
33 |
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Chief Governor of Ireland 1423-1425 |
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| 19 Jan 1425 |
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6 |
Richard Plantagenet,3rd Duke of York |
21 Sep 1411 |
30 Dec 1460 |
49 |
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| 30 Dec 1460 |
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7 |
Edward Plantagenet,4th Duke of York |
28 Apr 1442 |
9 Apr 1483 |
40 |
| to |
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He succeeded to the throne as Edward IV |
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| 1461 |
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in 1461 when the peerage merged with the |
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Crown |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 18 Jul 1479 |
E |
1 |
Edward Plantagenet,Duke of Cornwall |
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| to |
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Created Earl of Earl of March and |
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| 9 Apr 1483 |
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Earl of Pembroke 18 Jul 1479 |
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He succeeded to the crown as Edward V |
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when all his honours merged with the Crown |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 7 Jun 1619 |
E |
1 |
Esme Stuart |
1579 |
30 Jul 1624 |
45 |
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Created Baron Stuart of Leighton |
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Bromswold and Earl of March |
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7 Jun 1619 |
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See "Lennox" |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 9 Aug 1675 |
E |
1 |
Charles Lennox |
29 Jul 1672 |
27 May 1723 |
50 |
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Created Baron Setrington,Earl of |
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March and Duke of Richmond 9 Aug |
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1675 and Lord of Torboltoun,Earl of |
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Darnley and Duke of Lennox 9 Sep 1675 |
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See "Richmond" |
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MARCH (Scotland) |
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| 1455 |
E[S] |
1 |
Alexander Stewart |
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c 1485 |
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Created Earl of March 1455 and Duke |
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of Albany c 1456 |
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See "Albany" |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 5 Mar 1580 |
E[S] |
1 |
Robert Stuart |
|
29 Mar 1586 |
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| to |
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Created Lord of Dunbar and Earl of |
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| 29 Mar 1586 |
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March 5 Mar 1580 |
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Peerages extinct on his death |
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 1 May 1672 |
M[S] |
1 |
John Maitland |
24 May 1616 |
24 Aug 1682 |
66 |
| to |
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|
Created Marquess of March and Duke |
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| 24 Aug 1682 |
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Lauderdale 1 May 1672 and Baron |
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Petersham and Earl of Guilford |
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25 Jun 1674 |
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Peerages extinct on his death |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 20 Apr 1697 |
E[S] |
1 |
Lord William Douglas |
c 1665 |
2 Sep 1705 |
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Created Lord Douglas of Neidpath, |
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Viscount of Peebles and Earl of |
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March 20 Apr 1697 |
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| 2 Sep 1705 |
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2 |
William Douglas |
c 1696 |
7 Mar 1731 |
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| 7 Mar 1731 |
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3 |
William Douglas,Duke of Queensberry |
16 Dec 1724 |
23 Dec 1810 |
86 |
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| 23 Dec 1810 |
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4 |
Francis Charteris-Wemyss |
15 Apr 1772 |
28 Jun 1853 |
81 |
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He had previously succeeded to the Earldom |
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of Wemyss (qv) in 1808 with which title |
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this peerage then merged |
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MARCHAMLEY |
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| 4 Jul 1908 |
B |
1 |
George Whiteley |
30 Aug 1855 |
21 Oct 1925 |
70 |
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|
Created Baron Marchamley 4 Jul 1908 |
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MP for Stockport 1893-1900 and Pudsey |
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1900-1908. PC 1907 |
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| 21 Oct 1925 |
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2 |
William Tattersall Whiteley |
22 Nov 1886 |
17 Nov 1949 |
62 |
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| 17 Nov 1949 |
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3 |
John William Tattersall Whiteley |
24 Apr 1922 |
26 May 1994 |
72 |
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| 26 May 1994 |
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4 |
William Francis Whiteley |
27 Jul 1968 |
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MARCHMONT |
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| 23 May 1697 |
E[S] |
1 |
Sir Patrick Hume,2nd baronet |
13 Jan 1641 |
2 Aug 1724 |
83 |
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Created Lord Polwarth 26 Dec 1690 |
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and Lord Polwarth,Viscount of |
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Blasonberrie and Earl of Marchmont |
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23 May 1697 |
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High Chancellor of Scotland 1696-1702 |
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| 2 Aug 1724 |
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2 |
Alexander Hume-Campbell |
1 Jan 1675 |
27 Feb 1740 |
65 |
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KT 1725 PC 1726 |
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| 27 Feb 1740 |
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3 |
Hugh Hume-Campbell |
15 Feb 1708 |
10 Jan 1794 |
85 |
| to |
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MP for Berwick upon Tweed 1734-1740 PC 1762 |
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| 10 Jan 1794 |
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|
On his death the peerage became dormant |
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MARCHWOOD |
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| 13 Sep 1945 |
V |
1 |
Sir Frederick George Penny,1st baronet |
10 Mar 1876 |
1 Jan 1955 |
78 |
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|
Created Baron Marchwood 8 Jun 1937 |
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and Viscount Marchwood 13 Sep 1945 |
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MP for Kingston upon Thames 1922-1937 |
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| 1 Jan 1955 |
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2 |
Peter George Penny |
7 Nov 1912 |
6 Apr 1979 |
66 |
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| 6 Apr 1979 |
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3 |
David George Staveley Penny |
22 May 1936 |
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MARGADALE |
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| 1 Jan 1965 |
B |
1 |
John Granville Morrison |
16 Dec 1906 |
25 May 1996 |
89 |
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|
Created Baron Margadale 1 Jan 1965 |
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MP for Salisbury 1942-1964 |
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Lord Lieutenant Wiltshire 1969-1981 |
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| 25 May 1996 |
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2 |
James Ian Morrison |
17 Jul 1930 |
6 Apr 2003 |
72 |
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| 6 Apr 2003 |
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3 |
Alastair John Morrison |
4 Apr 1958 |
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MARGESSON |
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| 27 Apr 1942 |
V |
1 |
Henry David Reginald Margesson |
26 Jul 1890 |
24 Dec 1965 |
75 |
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Created Viscount Margesson |
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27 Apr 1942 |
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MP for Upton 1922-1923 and Rugby |
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1924-1942. Secretary of State for War |
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1940-1942. PC 1933 |
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| 24 Dec 1965 |
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2 |
Francis Vere Hampden Margesson |
17 Apr 1922 |
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MARISCHAL |
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| c 1458 |
E[S] |
1 |
William Keith |
|
after 1458 |
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|
Created Earl Marischal c 1458 |
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| after 1458 |
|
2 |
William Keith |
|
1483 |
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| 1483 |
|
3 |
William Keith |
|
c 1527 |
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| c 1527 |
|
4 |
William Keith |
|
7 Oct 1581 |
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| 7 Oct 1581 |
|
5 |
George Keith |
1554 |
2 Apr 1623 |
68 |
|
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| 2 Apr 1623 |
|
6 |
William Keith |
c 1585 |
28 Oct 1635 |
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| 28 Oct 1635 |
|
7 |
William Keith |
1614 |
1671 |
57 |
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|
Lord Privy Seal of Scotland 1660-1661 |
|
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| 1671 |
|
8 |
George Keith |
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Mar 1694 |
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| Mar 1694 |
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9 |
William Keith |
c 1664 |
27 May 1712 |
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| 27 May 1712 |
|
10 |
George Keith |
1693 |
28 May 1778 |
84 |
| to |
|
|
He was attainted and the peerage forfeited |
|
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| 1716 |
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MARJORIBANKS |
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| 12 Jun 1873 |
B |
1 |
David Robertson |
2 Apr 1797 |
19 Jun 1873 |
76 |
| to |
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|
Created Baron Marjoribanks 12 Jun 1873 |
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| 19 Jun 1873 |
|
|
MP for Berwickshire 1859-1873. Lord |
|
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Lieutenant Berwickshire 1860-1873 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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MARKS |
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| 16 Jul 1929 |
B |
1 |
George Croydon Marks |
9 Jun 1858 |
24 Sep 1938 |
80 |
| to |
|
|
Created Baron Marks 16 Jul 1929 |
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| 24 Sep 1938 |
|
|
MP for Launceston 1906-1918 and Cornwall |
|
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|
North 1918-1924 |
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|
Peerage extinct on his death |
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MARKS OF BROUGHTON |
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| 10 Jul 1961 |
B |
1 |
Simon Marks |
9 Jul 1888 |
8 Dec 1964 |
76 |
|
|
|
Created Baron Marks of Broughton |
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|
10 Jul 1961 |
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|
|
For further information on this peer,see |
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|
|
the note at the foot of this page |
|
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| 8 Dec 1964 |
|
2 |
Michael Marks |
27 Aug 1920 |
9 Sep 1998 |
78 |
|
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| 9 Sep 1998 |
|
3 |
Simon Richard Marks |
3 May 1950 |
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|
MARKS OF HENLEY-ON-THAMES |
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| 11 Jan 2011 |
B[L] |
1 |
Jonathan Marks |
|
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|
Created Baron Marks of Henley-on-Thames |
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|
for life 11 Jan 2011 |
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MARLAND |
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| 8 Jun 2006 |
B[L] |
1 |
Jonathan Peter Marland |
14 Aug 1956 |
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|
Created Baron Marland for life 8 Jun 2006 |
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MARLBOROUGH |
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| 5 Feb 1626 |
E |
1 |
Sir James Ley,1st baronet |
1552 |
14 Mar 1629 |
76 |
|
|
|
Created Baron Ley 31 Dec 1625 and |
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|
Earl of Marlborough 5 Feb 1626 |
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Lord High Treasurer 1624-1628. Lord |
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|
President of the Council 1628. |
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| 14 Mar 1629 |
|
2 |
Henry Ley |
3 Dec 1595 |
1 Apr 1638 |
42 |
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| 1 Apr 1638 |
|
3 |
James Ley |
28 Jan 1618 |
3 Jun 1665 |
47 |
|
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| 3 Jun 1665 |
|
4 |
William Ley |
12 Mar 1612 |
1679 |
67 |
| to |
|
|
Peerage extinct on his death |
|
|
|
| 1679 |
|
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 14 Dec 1702 |
D |
1 |
John Churchill |
24 Jun 1650 |
16 Jun 1722 |
71 |
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|
Created Baron Churchill 21 Dec 1682 |
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and 14 May 1685,Earl of Marlborough |
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9 Apr 1689, Marquess of Blandford |
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and Duke of Marlborough 14 Dec 1702 |
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MP for Newtown 1678-1679. Lord |
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Lieutenant Oxfordshire 1706-1712. PC 1689 |
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KG 1702 |
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| 16 Jun 1722 |
|
2 |
Henrietta Godolphin |
20 Jul 1681 |
24 Oct 1733 |
52 |
|
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| 24 Oct 1733 |
|
3 |
Charles Spencer |
22 Nov 1706 |
20 Oct 1758 |
51 |
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|
Lord Privy Seal 1755. Lord Lieutenant |
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Oxford and Buckingham 1739-1758. KG 1741 |
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PC 1749 |
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| 20 Oct 1758 |
|
4 |
George Spencer |
26 Jan 1739 |
29 Jan 1817 |
78 |
|
|
|
Lord Lieutenant Oxford 1760-1817. Lord Privy |
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|
Seal 1763-1765. PC 1762
KG 1768 |
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| 29 Jan 1817 |
|
5 |
George Spencer-Churchill |
6 Mar 1766 |
5 Mar 1840 |
73 |
|
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|
MP for Oxfordshire 1790-1796 and |
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|
Tregony 1802-1804 |
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He was summoned to Parliament by a Writ of |
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Acceleration as Baron Spencer of Wormleighton |
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12 Mar 1806 |
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| 5 Mar 1840 |
|
6 |
George Spencer-Churchill |
27 Dec 1793 |
1 Jul 1857 |
63 |
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|
MP for Chippenham 1818-1820 and |
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Woodstock 1826-1831,1832-1835 and 1838- |
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1840. Lord Lieutenant Oxford 1842-1857 |
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| 1 Jul 1857 |
|
7 |
John Winston Spencer-Churchill |
2 Jun 1822 |
5 Jul 1883 |
61 |
|
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|
MP for Woodstock 1844-1845 and 1847- |
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1857. Lord Lieutenant Oxford 1857-1883. |
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|
Lord President of the Council 1867-1868. |
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|
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 1876-1880. |
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|
PC 1866 KG 1868 |
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| 5 Jul 1883 |
|
8 |
George Charles Spencer-Churchill |
15 May 1844 |
9 Nov 1892 |
48 |
|
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|
| 9 Nov 1892 |
|
9 |
Charles Richard John Spencer-Churchill |
13 Nov 1871 |
30 Jun 1934 |
62 |
|
|
|
Paymaster General 1899-1902. PC 1899 |
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|
KG 1902. Lord Lieutenant Oxfordshire |
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1915-1934 |
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| 30 Jun 1934 |
|
10 |
John Albert Edward William Spencer- |
|
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|
|
Churchill |
18 Sep 1897 |
11 Mar 1972 |
74 |
|
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| 11 Mar 1972 |
|
11 |
John George Vanderbilt Henry Spencer- |
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|
Churchill |
13 Apr 1926 |
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|
MARLESFORD |
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| 7 Jun 1991 |
B[L] |
1 |
Mark Shuldham Schreiber |
11 Sep 1931 |
|
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|
Created Baron Marlesford for life 7 Jun 1991 |
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MARLEY |
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| 16 Jan 1930 |
B |
1 |
Dudley Leigh Amon |
16 May 1884 |
29 Feb 1952 |
67 |
|
|
|
Created Baron Marley 16 Jan 1930 |
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| 29 Feb 1952 |
|
2 |
Godfrey Pelham Leigh Amon |
6 Sep 1913 |
13 Mar 1990 |
76 |
| to |
|
|
Peerage extinct on his death |
|
|
|
| 13 Mar 1990 |
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|
MARMION |
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| 26 Jul 1313 |
B |
1 |
John Marmion |
|
1322 |
|
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|
|
Summoned to Parliament as Lord |
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Marmion 26 Jul 1313 |
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| 1322 |
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2 |
John Marmion |
c 1292 |
30 Apr 1335 |
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| 30 Apr 1335 |
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3 |
Robert Marmion |
|
c 1360 |
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| to |
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On his death the peerage fell into abeyance |
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| c 1360 |
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MARNY |
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| 9 Apr 1523 |
B |
1 |
Henry Marny |
c 1457 |
24 May 1523 |
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Created Baron Marny 9 Apr 1523 |
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KG 1510 |
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| 24 May 1523 |
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2 |
John Marny |
c 1493 |
27 Apr 1525 |
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| to |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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| 27 Apr 1525 |
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MARPLES |
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| 8 May 1974 |
B[L] |
1 |
Alfred Ernest Marples |
9 Dec 1907 |
6 Jul 1978 |
70 |
| to |
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Created Baron Marples for life 8 May 1974 |
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| 6 Jul 1978 |
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MP for Wallasey 1945-1974. Postmaster |
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General 1957-1959. Minister of Transport |
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1959-1964. PC 1957 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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MARSH |
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| 15 Jul 1981 |
B[L] |
1 |
Richard William Marsh |
14 Mar 1928 |
29 Jul 2011 |
83 |
| to |
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Created Baron Marsh for life 15 Jul 1981 |
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| 29 Jul 2011 |
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MP for Greenwich 1959-1971. Minister of |
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Power 1966-1968. Minister of Transport |
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1968-1969. PC 1966 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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MARSHAL |
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| 8 Dec 1309 |
B |
1 |
William Marshal |
24 Sep 1277 |
24 Jun 1314 |
36 |
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Summoned to Parliament as Lord |
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Marshal 8 Dec 1309 |
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| 24 Jun 1314 |
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2 |
John Marshal |
1 Aug 1292 |
12 Aug 1316 |
24 |
| to |
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On his death the peerage fell into abeyance |
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| 12 Aug 1316 |
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MARSHALL |
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| 14 Jan 1921 |
B |
1 |
Horace Brooks Marshall |
5 Aug 1865 |
29 Mar 1936 |
70 |
| to |
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Created Baron Marshall 14 Jan 1921 |
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| 29 Mar 1936 |
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PC 1919 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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MARSHALL OF GORING |
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| 22 Jul 1985 |
B[L] |
1 |
Walter Charles Marshall |
5 Mar 1932 |
20 Feb 1996 |
63 |
| to |
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Created Baron Marshall of Goring for life |
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| 20 Feb 1996 |
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22 Jul 1985 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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MARSHALL OF KNIGHTSBRIDGE |
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| 20 Jul 1998 |
B[L] |
1 |
Colin Marsh Marshall |
16 Nov 1933 |
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Created Baron Marshall of Knightsbridge |
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for life 20 Jul 1998 |
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MARSHALL OF LEEDS |
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| 11 Jul 1980 |
B[L] |
1 |
Frank Shaw Marshall |
26 Sep 1915 |
1 Nov 1990 |
75 |
| to |
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Created Baron Marshall of Leeds for life |
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| 1 Nov 1990 |
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11 Jul 1980 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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MARSHAM |
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| 22 Jun 1801 |
V |
1 |
Charles Marsham |
28 Sep 1744 |
1 Mar 1811 |
66 |
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Created Viscount Marsham and Earl of |
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Romney 22 Jun 1801 |
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See "Romney" |
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MARTIN |
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| 23 Jun 1295 |
B |
1 |
William Martin |
1257 |
1325 |
68 |
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Summoned to Parliament as Lord |
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Martin 23 Jun 1295 |
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| 1325 |
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2 |
William Martin |
1295 |
1326 |
31 |
| to |
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|
On his death the peerage fell into abeyance |
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| 1326 |
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MARTIN OF SPRINGBURN |
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| 25 Aug 2009 |
B[L] |
1 |
Michael John Martin |
3 Jul 1945 |
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Created Baron Martin of Springburn for life |
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25 Aug 2009 |
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MP for Springburn 1979-2005 and Glasgow North |
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East 2005-2009. Speaker of the House of |
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Commons 2000-2009.
PC 2000 |
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MARTONMERE |
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| 13 May 1964 |
B |
1 |
John Roland Robinson |
22 Feb 1907 |
3 May 1989 |
82 |
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Created Baron Martonmere 13 May 1964 |
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MP for Widnes 1931-1935, Blackpool 1935- |
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1945 and Blackpool South 1945-1964 |
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| 3 May 1989 |
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2 |
John Stephen Robinson |
10 Jul 1963 |
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MARYBOROUGH |
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| 17 Jul 1821 |
B |
1 |
William Wellesley-Pole |
20 May 1763 |
22 Feb 1845 |
81 |
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Created Baron Maryborough |
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17 Jul 1821 |
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See "Mornington" |
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MASHAM OF ILTON |
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| 12 Feb 1970 |
B[L] |
1 |
Susan Lilian Primrose Cunliffe-Lister |
14 Apr 1935 |
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Created Baroness Masham of Ilton for life |
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12 Feb 1970 |
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MASHAM OF OTES |
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| 1 Jan 1712 |
B |
1 |
Samuel Masham |
c 1679 |
16 Oct 1758 |
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MP for Ilchester 1710-1711 and Windsor |
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1711-1712 |
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Created Baron Masham of Otes |
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1 Jan 1712 |
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| 16 Oct 1758 |
|
2 |
Samuel Masham |
Nov 1712 |
14 Jun 1776 |
63 |
| to |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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| 14 Jun 1776 |
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MASHAM OF SWINTON |
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| 15 Jul 1891 |
B |
1 |
Samuel Cunliffe-Lister |
1 Jan 1815 |
2 Feb 1906 |
91 |
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Created Baron Masham of Swinton |
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15 Jul 1891 |
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| 2 Feb 1906 |
|
2 |
Samuel Cunliffe-Lister |
2 Aug 1857 |
24 Jan 1917 |
59 |
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| 24 Jan 1917 |
|
3 |
John Cunliffe-Lister |
9 Aug 1867 |
4 Jan 1924 |
56 |
| to |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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| 4 Jan 1924 |
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MASON OF BARNSLEY |
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| 20 Oct 1987 |
B[L] |
1 |
Roy Mason |
18 Apr 1924 |
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Created Baron Mason of Barnsley for life |
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20 Oct 1987 |
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MP for Barnsley 1953-1983 and Barnsley Central |
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1983-1987. Minister of State,Board of Trade 1964- |
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1967. Minister of Defence (Equipment) 1967-1968. |
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Postmaster General 1968. Minister of Power 1968- |
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1969. President of the Board of Trade 1969-1970. |
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Secretary of State for Defence 1974-1976. |
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Secretary of State for Northern Ireland |
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1976-1979. PC 1968 |
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MASSEREENE |
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| 21 Nov 1660 |
V[I] |
1 |
John Clotworthy |
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23 Sep 1665 |
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Created Baron of Loughneagh and |
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Viscount Massereene 21 Nov 1660 |
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| 23 Sep 1665 |
|
2 |
Sir John Skeffington,4th baronet |
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21 Jun 1695 |
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PC [I] 1690 |
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| 21 Jun 1695 |
|
3 |
Clotworthy Skeffington |
1661 |
14 Mar 1714 |
52 |
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| 14 Mar 1714 |
|
4 |
Clotworthy Skeffington |
c 1681 |
11 Feb 1738 |
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| 11 Feb 1738 |
|
5 |
Clotworthy Skeffington |
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17 Sep 1757 |
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| 28 Jul 1756 |
E[I] |
1 |
Created Earl of Massereene 28 Jul 1756 |
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PC [I] 1746 |
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| 17 Sep 1757 |
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6 |
Clotworthy Skeffington |
28 Jan 1742 |
28 Feb 1805 |
63 |
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2 |
For further information on this peer, see the |
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note at the foot of this page. |
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| 28 Feb 1805 |
|
7 |
Henry Skeffington |
1744 |
12 Jun 1811 |
66 |
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3 |
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| 12 Jun 1811 |
|
8 |
Chichester Skeffington |
c 1746 |
25 Feb 1816 |
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4 |
On his death the Earldom became extinct, |
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whilst the Viscountcy passed to - |
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| 25 Feb 1816 |
|
9 |
Harriet Skeffington |
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2 Jan 1831 |
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| 2 Jan 1831 |
|
10 |
John Foster-Skeffington |
30 Nov 1812 |
28 Apr 1863 |
50 |
|
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|
KP 1851 |
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| 28 Apr 1863 |
|
11 |
Clotworthy John Eyre Foster-Skeffington |
9 Oct 1842 |
26 Jun 1905 |
62 |
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Lord Lieutenant Louth 1879-1898 |
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| 26 Jun 1905 |
|
12 |
Algernon William John Clotworthy |
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Skeffington |
28 Nov 1873 |
20 Jul 1956 |
82 |
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|
Lord Lieutenant Antrim 1916-1938 |
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| 20 Jul 1956 |
|
13 |
John Clotworthy Talbot Foster |
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|
Whyte-Melville Skeffington |
23 Oct 1914 |
27 Dec 1992 |
78 |
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| 27 Dec 1992 |
|
14 |
John David Clotworthy Whyte-Melville |
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Foster Skeffington |
3 Jun 1940 |
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The Earldoms of Mar |
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Why are there two Earldoms of Mar? The
following extract, taken from "The Great Historic |
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Families of Scotland" by James Taylor [2
vols, J S Virtue & Co. London 1889] is as good an |
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explanation as I have found:- |
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'On the death of John Francis, sixteenth Earl
of Mar and eleventh Earl of Kellie, in 1866, his |
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cousin, Walter Coningsby Erskine, inherited the
family estates along with the earldom of Kellie, |
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|
which were entailed on heirs male ; while the
ancient earldom of Mar was claimed by John |
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|
Francis Goodeve, the only son of the late
earl's sister, who thereupon assumed the name of |
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|
Erskine. His claim was at first universally
admitted. He was presented at Court as Earl of Mar, |
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|
his vote was repeatedly received at the
election of representative peers, and his right to the |
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|
title was conceded even by his cousin, Walter
Coningsby Erskine, the new Earl of Kellie. By- |
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|
and-by, however, Lord Kellie laid claim also to
the earldom of Mar, but he died before his |
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petition could be considered by the House of
Lords. It was renewed by his son, and was in |
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|
|
due course referred to the Committee for
Privileges. In support of the claim it was pleaded |
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|
|
that the title of Earl of Mar, conferred by
Queen Mary on John, Lord Erskine, in 1565, was not |
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|
|
the restoration of an ancient peerage, but the
creation of a new one; that the original earldom |
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|
|
of Mar was purely territorial, one of the seven
ancient earldoms of Scotland, and was therefore |
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|
indivisible ; that this dignity terminated at
the death of Earl Thomas in 1377; that William, first |
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|
|
Earl of Douglas, his sister's husband, must
have obtained the earldom by charter and not by |
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|
right of his wife, as at his death the title
and estates descended to their son James, second |
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|
Earl of Douglas, while his mother was still
living; that her daughter, Isabella, became the wife |
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|
|
Sir Malcolm Drummond, who was styled Lord of
Mar and of the Garioch, not earl; that her |
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second husband, Alexander Stewart, obtained
possession of the territorial earldom of Mar in |
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|
right of his wife, but did not become earl
until he obtained seizen under the Crown; that he |
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|
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survived the Countess for many years, and
acted, and was treated by the Crown, as the owner |
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in fee of the earldom, and that on his death
the Crown entered into possession of the estates |
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in terms of the charter granted to the earl by
King James I; that from this period downwards the |
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lands had been broken up and disposed of by the
Sovereign at his pleasure, different portions of |
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them having been granted at various times to
royal favourites, and that the title had been |
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in succession upon several persons who had no
connection with its original possessors. The |
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territorial earldom, it was asserted, was
indivisible, and could not be separated from the title, |
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and as the former had ceased to exist, the
ancient dignity could not be revived. It was, |
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therefore, contended that Queen Mary must have
created a new dignity when on her marriage |
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to Darnley in 1565 she raised Lord Erskine to
the rank of an earl; that the fact that throughout |
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Queen Mary's reign he ranked as the junior and
not the premier earl, as must have been the |
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case if the title had been the old dignity
revived in his person, shows that his earldom was a |
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new creation, and that as there is no charter
in existence describing the dignity conferred upon |
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Lord Erskine, the prima-facie presumption is
that it descended to heirs male. |
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'On the other hand, it was pleaded by Mr.
Goodeve Erskine, who opposed Lord Kellie's claim, that |
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inasmuch as the earldom of Mar was enjoyed by
two countesses, mother and daughter, it could |
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not be a male fief; and that as Sir Robert
Erskine is admitted to have been second heir 'of line |
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and blood' to the Countess Isabel through his
mother, Janet Keith, great-granddaughter of |
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Donald, third earl, he was de jure Earl of Mar,
though excluded from the title and estates by an |
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act of tyranny and oppression on the part of
James I, who was at this time bent of breaking |
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down the power of the nobles, and for that
reason illegally seized the land and suppressed the |
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dignity of this great earldom; that the
Erskines never relinquished their claim to the earldom, |
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while it remained ' in the simple and nakit
possession of the Crown without ony richt of property |
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therein,' and made repeated though unsuccessful
efforts to recover their rights; that Queen |
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Mary, therefore, it was contended, did not
create a new peerage but had in express terms |
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recognised the right of Sir Robert Erskine's
descendant, John, Lord Erskine, to the earldom of |
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which his ancestor had been unjustly deprived,
as she said, through 'the troubles of the times |
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and the influence of corrupt advisers,' and had
declared that, 'moved by conscience, as it was |
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her duty to restore just heritages to their
lawful heirs, she restored to John, Lord Erskine, the |
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the earldom of Mar and the lordship and
regality of Garioch, with all the usual privileges incident |
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and belonging thereto, together with the lands
of Strathdon, Braemar, Cromar and Strathdee.' |
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Queen Mary, therefore, it was contended, did
not create a new peerage but restored an old |
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one; and even if the title conferred upon Lord
Erskine had been a new creation, the presumption |
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is that, like the original dignity, it would
have descended to heirs female as well as male. With |
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regard to the assumption that Queen Mary must
have granted a patent or charter conferring the |
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peerage earldom' on Lord Erskine, it was
pointed out that there is no proof that any such |
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document ever existed, that there is not the
remotest allusion to it in any contemporary history, |
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and that Lord Redesdale's suggestion that the
deed may have been accidentally destroyed, or |
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that the Earl of Mar may have destroyed it to
serve some sinister purpose, is a mere conjecture, |
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wholly unsupported by evidence. When it was
proposed to restore the forfeited title, in 1824, to |
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John Erskine of Mar, it was remitted to the law
officers of the Crown, one of whom was Sir John |
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Copley, afterwards Lord Chancellor Lyndhurst,
to investigate whether he had proved himself to |
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be heir to his grandfather, the attainted earl.
They reported in the affirmative, and the attainder |
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was reversed in his favour. It was noted as an
important fact that John Erskine was declared in |
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the Act to be the grandson and lineal heir of
his grandfather through his mother - a striking |
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proof, it was said, that the earldom restored
by Queen Mary was not limited to heirs male. Mr. |
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Goodeve Erskine rests his claim to be the heir
of his uncle on the very same ground on which |
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his grandfather based his claim to be the heir
of the Jacobite earl, viz., through his mother; and |
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it was argued that, since the claim was
regarded as valid in the one case, it ought to be so held |
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in the other also. Great stress was laid on the
position which the earldom occupies in the Union |
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Roll, as showing that it has all along been
regarded as the original dignity, and not a new |
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creation. In 1606 commissioners were appointed
by James VI to prepare a roll of the Scottish |
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peers, according to their precedence, and the
document prepared by them, which was |
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corrected by the Court of Session, is known in
Scottish history as the 'Decreet of Ranking' - the |
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official register of the peerage of Scotland —
the basis, in fact, of the Union Roll. Now in this |
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nearly contemporary document the earldom of Mar
has a much higher antiquity assigned to it |
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than the date of 1565, the earl being placed
above several earls whose titles were conferred in |
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the fifteenth century. On the Union Roll it has
the date of 1457 prefixed to it. |
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'These arguments, however, failed to satisfy
the Committee for Privileges, consisting of Lords |
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Redesdale, Chelmsford, and Cairns, who decided
that the dignity conferred by Queen Mary on |
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Lord Erskine was a new and personal honour, and
is held on the same tenure as the other |
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peerages possessed by the Erskine family, all
of which are limited to heirs male. This decision |
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which are limited to heirs male. This decision
has not given universal satisfaction. A considerable |
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number of influential Scottish peers, including
the Earls of Crawford and Balcarres, Stair, |
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Galloway and Mansfield, the Marquis of Huntly,
Viscounts Strathallan and Arbuthnot, and Lord |
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Napier of Ettrick, have repeatedly protested
against the Earl of Kellie's claim to vote as the |
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Earl of Mar, whose name stands fifth on the
Union Roll. An elaborate work in two volumes |
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octavo was prepared by the late Eail of
Crawford and Balcarres to prove that a miscarriage of |
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justice has taken place in consequence of the
decision of the Committee for Privileges on the |
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Mar peerage case. Mr. Goodeve Erskine, who has
at last regained the title of Ear; of Mar and |
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Baron Garioch, asserted that though the
Committee for Privileges had unwarrantably authorised |
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the Earl of Kellie to assume a title which
never had an existence and is a mere figment of their |
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own imagination, their decision had no bearing
on his right to the ancient earldom of Mar, which |
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is claimed by no one but himself, and of which
he is the undoubted lineal heir. |
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'The feeling that injustice was done to Mr.
Goodeve Erskine by the decision of the Committee was |
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so strong that a Bill, entitled 'Earldom of Mar
Restitution Bill.' was brought into the House of Lords, |
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by command of the Queen, for the purpose of
restoring the ancient earldom to Mr. Erskine. It was |
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read a second time on the 20th of May, 1885,
and referred to a Select Committee, who reported |
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that the preamble had been proved. The Bill
passed through both Houses of Parliament without |
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opposition, and became law before the close of
the session.' |
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John Francis Miller Erskine, 25th Earl of Mar |
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The Earl found himself in a spot of bother in
late 1831, when he appeared in court charged with |
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an assault by shooting in the direction of a
man named John Oldham. The following account of |
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the trial appeared in 'The Examiner' of 25
December 1831:- |
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'High Court of Justiciary, Edinburgh, Dec 19. |
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'Trial of the Earl of Mar - The Earl of Mar was
accused of assualt, by shooting in the direction |
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of John Oldham, Esq., on the moor of Cochrage,
Perth, on the 12th August last. John Oldham, |
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Esq., stated that he had a shooting on Cochrage
Moor, of which he went to take possession |
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on the 12th August. Andrew Michie pointed out
the boundary to him, and shortly afterwards, he |
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observed that there were three men shooting
upon his moor. He rode up to them, when one of |
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them, which proved to be the Earl of Mar,
seized hold of the bridle of his poney [sic], and |
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asked who and what he was, and what business he
had there? Witness said he was on his own |
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moor - when his lordship replied that he was a
poacher and a thief, and that he would as lief |
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shoot his horse as him. He thought, from his
lordship's manner, that he must be drunk; and, |
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therefore, merely asked him what was the name
of his moor. He said it was Blackcraig, and |
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witness answered that this is not Blackcraig,
but Mr. Campbell's moor. Lord Mar then threatened |
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to prosecute witness, insisted on knowing who
he was, and seeing his license. The witness |
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continued, "I said I should like first to
know who he was: one of his men came forward, and said, |
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this is the Earl of Mar. Lord Mar immediately
added, do you know who I am? I was a great deal |
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irritated at this, that he should suppose I
should care more for him that Douglas, and I |
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answered that I knew not, nor cared who he was.
I had never seen him before. I told him he |
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was off his own ground, and I was not. I said I
was no poacher nor thief, and that he was a |
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liar and scoundrel. There was some repetition
of these words; and he also said that I had |
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robbed him; it was his moor, and he had paid
for it. At this time my men came up. I then said |
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to Lord Mar, here is a man (A. Michie) who is
well acquainted with the moor: I should like to |
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have the limits of the moor defined. Lord Mar
seemed quite furious at the proposal to have |
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the limits of the moor defined. He kicked my
pony, let go of the bridle, and separated himself |
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about five or six yards. He then said he would
fire at us if we did not leave the moor |
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immediately, and began to wave about the gun in
all directions. A short parley took place |
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between Lord Mar and his own men who earnestly
begged of him not to fire, and put the gun |
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aside. As soon as the men ceased to put aside
the gun, his lordship put the gun to his |
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shoulder and fired. The charge passed near me,
I instantly got off the poney [sic], expecting |
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that he would fire the other barrel, but his
men prevented him. One of Lord Mar's men, |
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Salmon, begged that we should leave the moor;
if we did not, he was sure mischief would |
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happen. I rather demurred to be driven off my
ground in this way, but fearing to be shot said, |
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'We are going.' I went off, leaving his
lordship standing, and when they had got away about |
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120 or 130 yards, I heard two shots fired.
Robert Stewart looked about, and said he was |
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firing at us again, but I did not see him fire.
Three witnesses corroborated this statement. |
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'Lord Mar admitted firing, with a view to
scaring the party away, but not in the direction of |
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Mr. Oldham. Two witnesses gave his lordship a
character for kindness, mildness and humanity, |
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The jury, after a few minutes' conversation,
unanimously found the assault proven - Lord |
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Gillies after adverting to the distressing
nature of the case that a young nobleman, the |
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representative of a most ancient family, should
be convicted of crime, and to the necessity |
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of dispensing equal justice to the high and to
the low, sentenced his lordship to imprisonment |
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for two months, and thereafter to find security
to the extent of £5,000 to keep the peace |
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for five years, or to be confined for a further
period of six months.' |
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Simon Marks, 1st Baron Marks of Broughton |
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The following biography of Lord Marks of
Broughton appeared in the February 1971 issue of the |
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Australian monthly magazine "Parade.":- |
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'Sir Simon Marks, the British retail store
colossus, never lost his reverence for the memory of his |
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father, Michael, the Polish Jew who had earned
his first shillings in England selling odds and ends |
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from a pack he carried on his back. Michael was
a man of absolute integrity, a quality he passed |
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on to his son. And it was the lessons the
younger Marks learned from his father that caused him |
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to treat the 28,000 members of his staff in his
240 stores like little princes and princesses. |
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Nothing was too good for these employees. Any
humble salesgirl could, during the midday break, |
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have her hair shampooed in the staff
hairdressing salon for 3/6 while a 1/- three-course meal |
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was served to her on a tray. |
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'Once a left-wing politician complimented Marks
on his staff welfare services. "You're putting |
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socialism into practice," the politician
said. Marks looked hard at the man. Quietly he said: "Not |
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exactly. I learned a very fine code of conduct
towards my fellow men, not from Karl Marx, but |
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from Michael Marks." |
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'A sad-eyed little man who looked like Eddie
Cantor, Simon Marks revolutionised shopping in |
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Britain until his stores were selling 10 per
cent of all the clothing in the nation and serving 10 |
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million customers a week. Starting with 50
penny bazaars left him by his father, Simon Marks |
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built Britain's most successful retail chain by
selling quality goods at economy prices. His aim in |
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business, he always said, was to see that every
shopgirl and typist could dress like a duchess. |
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"And eat like an epicure," he added
when the firm began building up sales of food lines as well |
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as clothing. |
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'This romantic story of the creation of a great
business began in 1880 when Michael Marks |
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arrived in England having fled his native
Poland to escape conscription. Poland was then under |
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the control of Russia and the 17-year-old Jew
had made up his mind he was not going to bear |
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arms for a country that was notorious for its
anti-Semitism. Michael Marks landed at Hull in |
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Yorkshire and set up as pedlar round nearby
villages. He sold buttons, pins, needles, cotton and |
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darning wool from a pack he carried on his
back. After four years he had advanced enough to |
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marry Hannah Cohen and open a permanent stall
in the Leeds market. The stall sold the same |
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sort of household odds and ends he had
previously peddled from door to door. Marks called it |
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the Penny Bazaar and it carried a sign: "Don't ask the price - it's a
penny." |
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'On July 9, 1888, Hannah Marks gave birth to a
son who was named Simon. Meanwhile, the idea |
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of the penny bazaar had caught on and by 1890
Michael Marks was running five of them in |
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in different market towns. In 1894 Michael
Marks found himself over-extended financially, so he |
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decided to take in a partner. Tom Spencer
[1852-1905], a cashier at one of the warehouses |
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where Marks bought his goods, agreed to put up
£300 for a half-share and the firm Marks and |
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Spencer was born. |
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'Young Simon Marks attended Manchester Grammar
School and by the time he was 15, Marks |
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and Spencer had 40 market stalls in the
Midlands. With increasing prosperity, Michael Marks was |
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able to go to a workman's club every weekend
and present sovereigns to needy members |
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pointed out by the secretary. "God gives
to him who gives," Marks used to tell his son. |
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'Simon left school in 1905 and was packed off
to the Continent for two years so that he could |
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learn French and German. That year Tom Spencer
died. In a period of constant business growth, |
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this meant overwork and worry for Michael
Marks. He was so overworked that in 1907 it killed |
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him. In the same year Simon Marks, back from
Europe only a couple of weeks and still a novice |
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in business, had to take control of the 50
penny bazaars run by Marks and Spencer. Yet seven |
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years later he had built the business up to 145
shops and bazaars, 50 of which were in London. |
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Although economy prices were still the firm's
watch-word, the price ceiling was being raised |
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progressively, shops were replacing the bazaars
and clothing was becoming the principal Marks |
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and Spencer line. |
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'With the outbreak of World War I, Simon Marks
left the expanding business for his staff to run |
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and enlisted as a signaller in the artillery. A
year later he was seconded from the army to act as |
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assistant to Dr. Chaim Weizmann [later the
first President of Israel] in his government-supported |
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campaign to establish a Jewish national home in
Palestine. Thus it was 1919 before Simon Marks |
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was able to go back to Marks and Spencer
full-time and resume the building of a gigantic retail |
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chain. By the 1930s there was a Marks and
Spencer store in every town of any size in England, |
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Scotland and Wales. And sales and profits were
growing year by year with almost mathematical |
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progression. |
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'Simon Marks always gave the credit for the
firm's success to commercial principles dinned into |
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him by his father. These included ploughing
profits back into the business, making direct contact |
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with manufacturers, keeping the lines simple
and worrying over the welfare of the staff. As the |
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number of Marks and Spencer stores bounded
upwards, the firm became a byword in Britain. |
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Indeed, it was one of the rare commercial names
the BBC allowed to be mentioned in broad- |
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casts. |
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'Simon Marks had revolutionised retailing with
his passionate belief that "cheap need never be |
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nasty." Thus concentrating on quality he
kept quantity soaring. By 1935 the Marks and Spencer |
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Marble Arch branch in London was selling more
goods per square foot of space than any other |
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store in the world. |
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'To get the quality and selection of goods
Marks wanted, the firm dictated to the 900 manufact- |
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urers it dealt with. They had to come up to
Mark's standards or their contracts were cancelled. |
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He even bought the output of entire factories
after making them conform to his specifications. |
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Virtually every item of clothing sold by Marks
and Spencer was tested in laboratories for fabric |
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strength, colour fastness, durability of
stitching, quality of buttons and so on. |
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'Marks ran the business like a benevolent
dictatorship. "He wants to know about everything, |
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right down to the last button," summed up
a staff member. His executives were driven hard but |
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they rarely left the firm. One who had been
there 13 years described himself as a "new boy." |
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'Simon Marks was always seeking to reduce
prices but not at the expense of the chain's profit |
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margins. Reductions came only from increasing
efficiency and cutting expenses. Most of his |
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time was spent visiting stores. And when he got
there he spent more time talking to the girls |
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behind the counter than to the executives.
"The salesgirls are Marks and Spencer," he used |
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to say. "They know what is selling well or
badly - and, above all, why." |
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'Simon Marks had a passion for detail. For
instance, he once sent research scientists to Greece |
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and Turkey to persuade the peasants to grow
uniform-sized currants. "He was a continuous |
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one-man quality control commission," an
associate once said of him and told how would visit |
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a shoe department, pick up the most expensive
shoe in stock, detach the lace and try to snap |
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it in two. If he succeeded he would call the
store manager and tell him softly: "However fine |
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the shoe, the customer will condemn it if the
lace breaks." |
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'Cleanliness was an obsession with Marks. One
day he suddenly decided to stop stocking ice |
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cream although the firm was selling £2.5
million worth a year. He could not stand the sight of |
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the empty cartons people dropped on the shop
floor. Similarly he banned smoking because it |
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polluted the air and he hated feeling cigarette
butts underfoot. Marks's fetish for cleanliness |
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also meant that girls who handled cash could
not handle food. Cooks and food-handlers could |
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not wear nail-varnish, or jewellery and had to
tuck their hair up in plastic caps. |
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'To the shopgirls who made up most of the staff
Simon Marks had a friendly, fatherly manner. |
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To the managers, however, he was always a
tough-minded perfectionist. Once he visited a |
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store and asked the manager: "Any rotten
apples lately?" This remark resulted from his previous |
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inspection seven years earlier when he had
found some of the fruit bearing specks. "I go |
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round the stores making a nuisance of
myself," Marks once confessed. "I know what everyone |
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says: 'There goes old so-and-so, interfering
again. He's never satisfied.' But that's what I'm |
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there for." |
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'He once visited a store, saw a rail of dresses
and asked the manager: "Do we dress pygmies |
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now?" Picking out a dress labelled for a
woman of 5ft 2in he called for a tape measure and |
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demonstrated the dress was three-quarters of an
inch short. Standing outside one of his stores |
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Marks once saw a woman emerging wearing a print
dress with large red chrysanthemums all |
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over it. As she walked away he saw one extra
large chrysanthemum covered a prominent part |
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of her anatomy where good taste told him no
chrysanthemum should be. The alarmed Marks |
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rushed in to his shop to make sure the woman
was not wearing a Marks and Spencer creation. |
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To his relief he was assured she was not. Still
not satisfied, he then personally checked every |
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design and pattern of prints in stock to make
sure no such chrysanthemum monstrosity |
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disgraced the racks of Marks and Spencer. |
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'In business circles he was generally regarded
as having revolutionary ideas on staff relations. In |
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fact he horrified other company heads by
spending £2 million a year on staff welfare. From his |
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father, too, he inherited charitable instincts
which prompted him to donate more than £1.5 |
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million over the years to causes both in
England and Israel. |
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'In 1944 Simon Marks was knighted and in 1961
he was raised to the peerage as Lord Marks [of |
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Broughton]. At that time he told a friend:
"I much preferred to be Sir Simon, it had the ring of |
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riding a charger and saving ladies in distress.
Lord Marks somehow has a much flatter sound." |
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'Profits of Marks and Spencer mushroomed
following a revolutionary anti-paperwork crusade he |
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began in 1957 and which was estimated to have
saved £2 million a year immediately. The |
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figure increased progressively in later years
because, while eliminating unneccesary records, |
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Marks also eliminated 8,000 jobs out of 28,000.
But there were no sackings because he |
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promised the staff when he began the paper
purge that no one would suffer. The firm simply |
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did not replace staff when someone left and the
numbers dropped gradually. |
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'Lord Marks died at his desk of a heart attack
on December 8, 1964. That year the firm he had |
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built from his father's market stalls showed a
profit of more than £25 million from sales of £200 |
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million. Perhaps his best obituary was in a
current financial journal's summing up of the |
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company: "No firm in Britain is stronger,
better managed or more consistently successful." |
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Clotworthy Skeffington, 2nd Earl of Massereene |
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Massereene's father died when he was a lad of
15. When he came of age, he inherited the |
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family estates in county Antrim, but by then he
had already settled in Paris, leaving the |
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management of his Irish property in the hands
of his mother. |
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His allowance of £200 per month could not,
however, cover his tailor's bills, gambling losses |
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and the demands of his many mistresses. Even
so, he might have survived had he not become |
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in a business speculation put to him by a
crooked merchant named Vidari, who proposed to |
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import salt to France from the Barbary Coast.
Massereene signed a number of bills of exchange |
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which he was called upon to honour when the
business collapsed. While his mother, the |
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dowager Countess, set about the task of raising
the money required to pay his creditors, |
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Massereene himself was thrown into prison. His
creditors, aware of his extensive property in |
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Ireland, assumed that he would become sick of
imprisonment and pay the £30,000 he owed |
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in order to obtain his liberty. However,
Massereene insisted that the debts had been incurred |
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by means of a fraud against himself, and he
refused to acknowledge them. Rather than admit |
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his guillt by paying the debts, he decided to
stay in prison for 25 years, after which time, |
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according to French law, the debts would be
cancelled. |
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While imprisoned in the Chatelet prison,
Massereene married Marie Anne Barcier, daughter of |
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the prison governor. She made two unsuccessful
attempts to help him to escape. Finally, in |
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1789, after 18 years in prison, he was released
on the day before the storming of the Bastille |
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by a mob which was partly inspired by bribes
paid by Lady Massereene. |
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After his release, he returned to Antrim
Castle, his seat in Ireland. He showed no interest in |
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the way his estates were being run, leaving
after a short period for London. Here, he was soon |
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lured into another fraudulent business venture,
again resulting in imprisonment for debt. Blaming |
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his wife's extravagence for his problems, he
deserted her at a time when her health had been |
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ruibed by her exertions on his behalf. |
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His total lack of feeling for his wife was the
result of a new relationship with 19-year-old |
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Elizabeth Blackburn, a servant in the house
opposite his lodgings. Being a devotee of nude |
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shadow-boxing, Massereene exposed himself at
his window and caught her eye; soon she was |
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living with him. Meanwhile, he had been
swindled again to the extent of £9,000, which landed |
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him in prison, where Miss Blackburn was allowed
to join him. After a humiliating lawsuit in which |
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he pleaded that he had acted with extreme
foolishness, coupled with a loan from his brother-in- |
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law, the Earl of Leitrim, he was eventually freed. |
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In 1797 he returned to Ireland with Miss
Blackburn. Although he owed his own liberty to the |
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rebellious spirit of the French Revolution, he
had a horror of Jacobinism and now took an active |
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part in an anticipated uprising in Ireland. He
formed a company of yeomen and trained it in his |
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own peculiar fashion. The men were drilled
without weapons; they simulated rifle shots by |
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clapping their hands and presented arms in a
complicated pantomime involving a series of hand |
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signals. He also developed a number of new
drills with names such as Serpentine and Eel-in-the- |
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Mud. All this military activity convinced
Massereene that he was a natural leader of men, an |
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assessment not subscribed to the military
establishment of the time. |
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When not drilling his troops, Massereene
continued to indulge his personal whims. From time to |
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time he ordered the dining table, completely
set, all the chairs and an elaborate dinner, to be |
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hoisted onto the roof by means of a pulley. His
guests climbed to the roof by means of a small |
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ladder inside the house, but once they had
assembled, Massereene usually declared himself |
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dissatisfied with the arrangements and ordered
everything to be taken down again. When one |
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of his dogs died, all the local dogs were
invited to its funeral at Antrim Castle. Some 50 of them, |
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provided with white scarves, acted as a guard
of honour. |
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When his loyal and unappreciated first wife
died, Massereene married Miss Blackburn who, |
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together with her family, had gained control of
his fortune. On his death a few years later, his |
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brothers contested the will and gained the
verdict they sought. |
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Copyright @ 2003-2012
Leigh Rayment |
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